Maronites - Maron is (English spelling)

Japanese: マロン派 - マロンは（英語表記）Maronites

A group of Catholics following the Antiochian Eastern Rite. They are mostly found in Lebanon and the Syrian Arab Republic (about 400,000). The name comes from the Syrian hermit Maron (?-423), who is said to be their founder. Under the leadership of Patriarch John Maro (685-707), they repelled the Byzantine invasion and maintained their independence. They had great power in the 7th and 8th centuries, resisted the Islamic invasion, and are said to have given tribute to the Umayyad Caliph. For a long time, they followed the doctrine of Sergius of Constantinople and held Monotheism, which was considered a heresy, but from the time of the Crusades they became part of the Roman Catholic Church and became the Eastern Rite Catholic Church in the 18th century. Under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, they were protected by France, but they were constantly persecuted and opposed by other sects such as the Druze, and in 1860 many of their followers were massacred, causing many to flee. The faction made a major contribution to Lebanon's independence and has had a firm grip on power since the establishment of the republic. Although it is an unwritten rule, the president has always been chosen from the faction. Liturgy is conducted in the West Syriac language and has a unique style.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

アンチオキア式東方典礼に服するカトリック教会の一団。レバノン，シリア＝アラブ共和国に多い (約 40万) 。名称はその祖とされるシリアの隠遁者マロン (?～423頃) に由来する。アンチオキア総大司教ヨハネス・マロ (685～707) の指導のもとにビザンチン軍の侵入を退け独立を保持。7～8世紀頃は強大な勢力をもち，イスラムの侵入に抵抗し，ウマイヤ朝のカリフもみつぎ物をしたといわれる。長い間コンスタンチノープルのセルギウスの教義に従い，異端とされたキリスト単意説を奉じていたが，十字軍時代からローマ・カトリック教会に帰属し，18世紀に東方典礼カトリック教会となった。オスマン帝国の支配下ではフランスに保護されたが，ドゥルーズなど他派との反目，迫害が絶えず，1860年には多数の信者が虐殺され，多くの亡命者を出した。レバノンの独立に大きく貢献し，共和国成立後は確固たる勢力をもち，不文律ながら大統領は常に同派から選出されている。典礼は西シリア語等で行われ，独特の様式をもつ。

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