Malonic acid - Maronsan (English spelling)

Japanese: マロン酸 - まろんさん(英語表記)malonic acid
Malonic acid - Maronsan (English spelling)

It is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. It is found naturally as a calcium salt in sugar beets, apples, and the leaves of legumes. It was first obtained by oxidizing malic acid, but in the laboratory it can be obtained by reacting a salt of chloroacetic acid with sodium cyanide to make the cyanoacetate salt, which is then hydrolyzed.


At temperatures above its melting point of 135°C, it decomposes into acetic acid and carbon dioxide. It is highly soluble in water and ethanol (ethyl alcohol), and quite soluble in ether, but is poorly soluble in non-polar solvents such as benzene. Its aqueous solution is acidic, a stronger acid than acetic acid. Malonic acid itself only has uses as a synthetic raw material in laboratories and as an analytical reagent, but its ester, ethyl malonate CH 2 (COOC 2 H 5 ) 2 , is important as a synthetic raw material for dyes, medicines, fragrances, etc.

[Masahiro Hirota February 17, 2016]

In addition, because malonic acid has a similar structure to succinic acid, it binds to succinate dehydrogenase and competitively inhibits its action, becoming an inhibitor of the citric acid cycle. This is called the malonic acid block, and has been useful in elucidating the citric acid cycle. In vivo, its role as a bond is important, and malonyl-coenzyme A, a derivative of coenzyme A, is a precursor for fatty acid synthesis. That is, malonyl-coenzyme A is produced from acetyl-coenzyme A and carbon dioxide, and the malonyl group is transferred to the acyl carrier protein and participates in the elongation of two-carbon fatty acid chains.

[Kayoko Ikeda February 17, 2016]

[Supplementary Material] | Malonic Acid (Data Note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

脂肪族ジカルボン酸の一つ。天然にはカルシウム塩としてサトウダイコン(甜菜(てんさい))をはじめ、リンゴの果実、マメ科植物の葉などにみいだされる。リンゴ酸の酸化によって最初に得られたが、実験室的にはクロロ酢酸の塩にシアン化ナトリウムを作用させてシアノ酢酸塩としたのち、加水分解すると得られる。


 融点135℃以上の温度で、酢酸と二酸化炭素に分解する。水、エタノール(エチルアルコール)によく溶け、エーテルにもかなり溶けるが、ベンゼンなどの無極性溶媒には溶けにくい。水溶液は酸性を示し、酢酸より強い酸である。マロン酸自体は、実験室での合成原料や分析試薬としての用途をもつだけであるが、そのエステルであるマロン酸エチルCH2(COOC2H5)2は、染料、医薬、香料などの合成原料として重要である。

[廣田 穰 2016年2月17日]

 なお、マロン酸はコハク酸と構造が類似するため、コハク酸デヒドロゲナーゼと結合してその作用を拮抗的に阻害し、クエン酸回路の阻害剤となる。マロン酸ブロックとよばれ、クエン酸回路の解明に役だった。生体内では結合型としての役割が重要で、補酵素A誘導体であるマロニル補酵素Aは、脂肪酸合成の前駆体となる。すなわち、アセチル補酵素Aと二酸化炭素からマロニル補酵素Aが生成され、マロニル基はアシル運搬タンパク質に移されて二炭素単位の脂肪酸鎖の伸長に加わる。

[池田加代子 2016年2月17日]

[補完資料] | マロン酸(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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