Return of grain - Korea

Japanese: 還穀 - かんこく

A public grain lending system implemented in the Goryeo and Yi dynasties of Korea. It is also called "kanjo." The systematization of "kango" began with the establishment of "gi-gura" (ceremonial storehouses) in the early Goryeo period (10th century), and was completed nationwide with the establishment of "sha-gura" (sacred storehouses) and "tokuhei-gura" (regular storehouses) in the early Yi dynasty (15th century). However, this was a temporary measure only for famine years, and it was not made permanent until the establishment of the Shinjutsu Office in 1626. Originally, "kango" was a system for providing relief in times of poor harvests, in which specially stored grain and military rations were lent out during the spring off-season and returned with or without interest during the autumn harvest.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

朝鮮の高麗，李朝で行われた公営の穀物貸与制度。〈還上〉とも言う。〈還穀〉の制度化は高麗初期(10世紀)に〈義倉〉を配置したことに始まり，李朝初期(15世紀)の〈社倉〉〈常平倉〉設置で全国的に完成した。しかしこれは凶年のみの臨時措置で，常設化されたのは1626年の常平･賑恤（しんじゆつ）庁設置からである。本来〈還穀〉は凶作時の救済が目的で，専用の貯蔵穀や軍糧を春の端境期に貸し出し，秋の収穫期に無利子か利子付きで返還させる制度である。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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