Martini, Simone

Japanese: マルティーニ（英語表記）Martini， Simone
Martini, Simone
Born: circa 1285, Siena
A representative painter of the Sienese school in Italy. His early activities are unknown, but he is thought to have studied under Duccio, the founder of the school. He incorporated French Gothic style into the traditions of Byzantine art, and established the Sienese style of painting, which is emotional and narrative, making full use of flowing lines and captivating colors. Around 1340, he went to Avignon, France, by order of the Pope, and mixed the sweet style of the Sienese school with the Gothic traditions of Avignon, forming the unique Avignon school of painting and paving the way for the international Gothic style to take hold. While there, he became friends with the poet Petrarch, and his paintings were highly praised, and he also left behind a frontispiece to Virgil (Ambrosiana Library, Milan). His works include the Maestà (1315, Palazzo Publico, Siena), the Coronation of Robert of Anjou (17, Naples National Gallery), the Life of St. Martin (Basilica of San Francesco, Assisi), the Equestrian Statue of Guidoricio da Fogliano (28, Palazzo Publico, Siena), and the Annunciation (33, Uffizi Gallery).

Martini
Martini, Giovanni Battista

Born: April 24, 1706 in Bologna
Died October 4, 1784. Bologna. Italian composer and music theorist. Also known as Padre Martini. In 1725 he became the conductor of the Basilica di San Francesco in Bologna, where he studied music history and music theory. He taught N. Jomelli, J.C. Bach, G. Sarti, and others. His music-related books totaled over 17,000 volumes, which he bequeathed to the Royal Library of Vienna (later the Austrian National Library) and the city of Bologna. His major works were the unfinished Storia della musica (History of Music) (3 volumes, 1757-81) and Saggio di contrappunto (Examples of Counterpoint Music) (2 volumes, 74-75).

Martini
Martini, Fausto Maria

Born: 1886, Rome
Died in 1931. Italian poet, playwright, theater critic, and novelist from Rome. Along with Corazzini, he is considered one of the "Twilight School." Upon Corazzini's early death, he published the poetry collections Le piccole morte (1906) and Poesie provinciali (10). He published theater reviews in Tribuna and Giornale d'Italia. His most famous novel is Si sbarca a New York (30).

Martini
Martini, Martino

[Born] 1614. Trient
Died June 6, 1661, Hangzhou. An Italian Jesuit. His Chinese name was Wei Kuangguo. He arrived in China in 1643 (the 16th year of the Chongzhen era) at the end of the Ming Dynasty to preach. He toured China during the turbulent times and stayed in Hangzhou. He later went to the Vatican to express his views on liturgical issues, and returned to China in 59 (the 16th year of the Shunzhi era) where he died. His works include "Records of the Tartar War" (54), "The First Chapter of Chinese History" (10 volumes, 58), and his works in classical Chinese include "The Theory of Heavenly Master" and "The Theory of Spirituality".

Martini
Martini, Ferdinando

Born: 1841. Florence
[Died] 1928. Monsummano, Valdiniebole Italian politician, playwright, critic, and novelist. He served as Minister of Education (1892-93) and Minister of Colonies (1915-19), among others, and at the same time devoted himself to promoting literature. His major works include La marchesa (1877) and La vipera (1906).

Martini
Martini, Jean Paul Egide

Born: September 1, 1741 in Freistadt
[Died] February 10, 1816. Paris. A French composer born in Germany. He moved to Nancy in 1760, and went to Paris in 1764, where he achieved success as a composer of military music and opera, and served the Prince of Condé and the Count of Artois. He is known for his romances, such as "The Joy of Love."

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1285頃.シエナ
[没]1344.7. アビニョン
イタリア，シエナ派の代表的画家。初期の活動は不明であるが，同派の創始者ドゥッチオに学んだと思われ，ビザンチン美術の伝統にフランス・ゴシック様式を取入れ，流麗な描線と魅惑的な色彩を駆使して情緒的で物語性に富むシエナ派の画風を確立した。 1340年頃，教皇の詔命でフランスのアビニョンにおもむき，同地のゴシック的伝統にシエナ派の甘美な画風を交流させ，独特のアビニョン画派を形成，国際ゴシック様式の流行の端を開いた。同地では詩人ペトラルカと親交を結び，その画業を高く評価される一方，彼もウェルギリウス本扉絵 (ミラノ，アンブロジアーナ図書館) を残している。作品『マエスタ』 (1315，シエナ，パラッツォ・プブリコ) ，『ロベール・ダンジューの戴冠図』 (17，ナポリ国立美術館) ，『聖マルティーノ伝』 (アッシジ，サン・フランチェスコ聖堂) ，『グイドリッチオ・ダ・フォリアーノの騎馬像』 (28，シエナ，パラッツォ・プブリコ) ，『聖告』 (33，ウフィツィ美術館) 。

マルティーニ
Martini， Giovanni Battista

[生]1706.4.24. ボローニャ
[没]1784.10.4. ボローニャ
イタリアの作曲家，音楽理論家。パドレ・マルティーニとも呼ばれた。 1725年にボローニャのフランチェスコ聖堂の楽長となり，かたわら音楽史，音楽理論を研究。 N.ヨメリ，J. C.バッハ，G.サルティらを教えた。音楽関係の収集図書は1万 7000巻をこえ，ウィーン王立図書館 (のちのオーストリア国立図書館) とボローニャ市に遺贈された。主著は未完の『音楽史』 Storia della musica (3巻，1757～81) ，『対位法譜例集』 Saggio di contrappunto (2巻，74～75) 。

マルティーニ
Martini， Fausto Maria

[生]1886. ローマ
[没]1931. ローマ
イタリアの詩人，劇作家，劇評家，小説家。コラッツィーニと並び「たそがれ派」の一人に数えられる。コラッツィーニの夭折に際し，詩集『小さな死』 Le piccole morte (1906) や『片いなかの詩』 Poesie provinciali (10) を著わした。『トリブーナ』や『ジョルナーレ・デ・イタリア』誌に拠って劇評を発表。小説の代表作『ニューヨーク上陸』 Si sbarca a New York (30) 。

マルティーニ
Martini， Martino

[生]1614. トリエント
[没]1661.6.6. 杭州
イタリアのイエズス会士。中国名は衛匡国。明末の崇禎 16 (1643) 年に布教のため中国到着。動乱期の中国を巡回し，杭州に滞留。のち典礼問題をめぐる意見開陳のためローマ教皇庁におもむき，順治 16 (59) 年再び中国に来て没した。著書に『韃靼 (だったん) 戦記』 (54) ，『中国史初編』 (10巻，58) など，また漢文の著書に『天主理証』『霊性理証』などがある。

マルティーニ
Martini， Ferdinando

[生]1841. フィレンツェ
[没]1928. モンスンマーノ，バルディニエボレ
イタリアの政治家，劇作家，評論家，小説家。文相 (1892～93) ，植民地相 (1915～19) などを歴任し，かたわら文芸の振興に尽した。主著『侯爵夫人』 La marchesa (1877) ，『まむし』 La vipera (1906) 。

マルティーニ
Martini， Jean Paul Egide

[生]1741.9.1. フライシュタット
[没]1816.2.10. パリ
ドイツ生れのフランスの作曲家。 1760年ナンシーに移住，64年パリに行き軍楽とオペラの作曲で成功を収め，コンデ公やアルトア伯に仕えた。『愛の喜び』ほかのロマンスの作曲家として知られる。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について　情報

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