Mars - Mars (English spelling)

Japanese: マルス - まるす(英語表記)Mars
Mars - Mars (English spelling)

An ancient Roman god of war, later identified with Ares in Greek mythology. Later, he also became the European name for Mars. He was called Mavors by the Latins in ancient times, and Mamers by the Oscans and Sabines. The only old legend surrounding Mars is the origin story of the Anna Perenna festival told by Ovid, and many stories, such as the love between Mars and Venus, are based on the Greek myth of Ares.

The worship of Mars as a god of war is ancient, and his priestly order, the Salii, established by King Numa, danced armed in marches every March and October to announce to the Romans the beginning and end of the war season. A two-horse chariot race was also held in the Campus Martius on October 15, and the winning horse was dedicated to him. Other events in honor of Mars were the Equirria chariot race in February and March, the Tubilustrium trumpet festival in March, and the Armilustrium arms festival in October. Mars also became the protector of the land because of his fighting prowess. The Alvares priestly order, in charge of agriculture, prayed to the "wild god Mars" to prepare for the invasion of harmful enemies. As the wolf was the sacred animal of Mars, this god was considered the father of the twins Romulus and Remus, who were raised by the wolf. As the founding legend of Romulus developed, the god of war came to be worshipped as the ancestor of the Roman people in the Augustan era, paralleling the fact that Venus, the mother of Aeneas, also one of Rome's founders, became an important national deity in that era.

[Masahiro Ogawa]

[Reference] | Ares

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代ローマの古い軍神で、のちギリシア神話のアレスと同一視された。また、のちには火星のヨーロッパ名ともなった。ラティニィ人の間では古くはマウォルスMavorsといわれ、オスク人やサビニ人の間ではマメルスMamersとよばれた。マルスをめぐる古い伝説としては、オウィディウスの伝えるアンナ・ペレンナ祭の起源譚(たん)しか残されておらず、マルスとウェヌスの恋など多くの話はアレスに関するギリシア神話に基づく。

 軍神としてのマルスの崇拝は古く、ヌマ王によって設けられたその神官団サリイは、ローマ人に戦(いくさ)の時期の始まりと終わりを告げるため、毎年3月と10月に武装して踊り歩いた。また10月15日には「マルスの馬場(カンプス・マルテイウス)」で二頭立ての戦車競技が行われ、勝者の馬が彼に捧(ささ)げられた。そのほか2月と3月に戦車競技Equirriaが、3月にラッパ祭Tubilustriumが、10月に武具の祭りArmilustriumがそれぞれマルスをたたえて行われた。マルスはまたその戦闘力によって土地の保護者ともなった。農業をつかさどる神官団アルウァレスは、「荒ぶる神マルス」に祈願して害敵の侵入に備えたのである。狼(おおかみ)がマルスの聖獣であることから、この神は狼に養われたふたごロムルスとレムスの父とみなされた。そしてロムルスの建国伝説の発展とともに、軍神はアウグストゥス時代においてローマ人の祖先として崇拝されるに至った。これは、同じくローマ建国の祖アエネアスの母ウェヌスが、その時代に国の重要な神になったことと並行している。

[小川正広]

[参照項目] | アレス

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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