Around 1275 - 1343 Italian political theorist. Born in Padua, he first studied medicine in the same city, but later went to Paris to study philosophy and theology. In 1313 he became rector of the University of Paris. The experiences he gained during his stays in northern Italy and Avignon awakened deep reflection on the political systems of Europe, the result of which was his masterpiece, The Defender of Peace, completed in 1324. He believed that peace was the main goal that society should achieve and the only means to the salvation of souls, but that the defender of peace was not the Pope but the Holy Roman Emperor, and he supported the latter in the conflict between Pope John XXII and Emperor Louis IV. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
1275ころ‐1343 イタリアの政治論者。パドバに生まれ,初めこの町で医学を学んだが,後パリに出て哲学と神学とを修めた。1313年にはパリ大学の学長となる。北イタリアやアビニョンに滞在中に得た体験から,ヨーロッパの政治体制についての深い省察を呼びさまされたが,その成果が24年に完成した名著《平和の擁護者》である。平和は社会が達成すべき主たる目標であり,魂の救いに至る唯一の手段であるが,その擁護者はローマ教皇ではなく,神聖ローマ皇帝であるとして,教皇ヨハネス22世と皇帝ルートウィヒ4世との争いでは後者を支援した。 出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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