Uchikake - Uchikake

Japanese: 打掛 - うちかけ
Uchikake - Uchikake

Also called Kaidori. A formal dress worn by samurai women in the early modern period from autumn to spring. It is a short-sleeved kimono worn over an obi belt, and is an abbreviation of Uchikake Kosode. Officially, it is made of silk and silk fabrics with an Imperial Palace pattern, a longevity pattern such as a crane and turtle, a pine, bamboo, and plum, embroidered or dyed. The correct colors are white, red, and black, and other colors are formally called aigi, but this distinction is now in disarray. Uchikake originated in the Muromachi period. Before that, hakama was used for the formal dress of nobles and samurai, but since hakama was inconvenient for daily life, yumaki came to be used. Then, obi and kosode began to appear on the surface, and on celebratory occasions, a kimono longer than the outer garment was worn from behind, and this was called "Uchikake." The uchikake is long and must be dragged when walking outdoors, so the wearer must pull up the hem themselves, and because the hem is pulled up, it is also called "kaidori." From the Edo period onwards, certain rules were established for its use as formal wear among samurai and wealthy townspeople. The fabric used for formal wear for women was saya or rinzu. In later times, crepe came to be used, but this is an atypical style. Even in the brothels, courtesans wore uchikake when travelling, but the correct term for this would be "shikake." In the general public, the formal uchikake for wedding attire is a plain white wedding kimono with a ground pattern.

[Takeshi Endo]

"'Oku-jochu Sodekagami' (owned by Wayo Women's University)""Manuscript of 'Ooku-jochu Ikufukusada' by Yasuoki Ohno (late Edo period, owned by Wayo Women's University)"

"White silk kimono with pine, bamboo, plum, crane and turtle design"
Silk, late 18th century to early 19th century, owned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art ">

"White silk kimono with pine, bamboo, plum, crane and turtle design"

Uchikake from the Edo period
A lady's uchikake from the mid-Edo period. Part of "Hyakunin Joro Shinjo" by Nishikawa Sukenobu, owned by the National Diet Library .

Uchikake from the Edo period


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

介取(かいどり)ともいう。近世の武家女性などが秋から春にかけて着用した礼服。帯付きの上から羽織る小袖(こそで)仕立てのもので、打掛小袖の略。正式には紗綸(さりん)、綸子(りんず)類に御所模様、鶴亀(つるかめ)松竹梅などの寿(ことぶき)模様を刺しゅうしたり絞りにしたりして構成されたもので、地白、地赤、地黒の3種が正しく、それ以外の色は間着(あいぎ)とするのが本式であったが、現在ではこの区別は乱れている。打掛の発生は室町時代である。それ以前の公家(くげ)、武家の式服には袴(はかま)が用いられていたが、袴は日常生活には不便なところから湯巻を用いるようになった。そして、その後、帯と小袖姿が表面に現れるようになり、祝儀の際は、表着より丈の長いものを後ろから打ち掛け、これを「打掛」といった。打掛は丈が長く、引きずって歩かねばならないために、屋外を歩くときは自分で褄(つま)をたぐる必要があり、この褄をかいどることから「かいどり」ともいうようになった。江戸時代以降、武家をはじめ裕福な町人の間で、これを晴れ着として用いる際の一定の決まりができた。女性の晴れ着の裂地(きれじ)は紗綾(さや)か綸子であった。後世になると縮緬(ちりめん)を用いるようになるが、これは変則である。また廓(くるわ)でも花魁(おいらん)の道中に打掛を着たが、これは「仕掛(しかけ)」が正しい言い方である。また民間で婚礼衣装用の打掛は、地紋のある白無垢(しろむく)を正式とする。

[遠藤 武]

『『奥女中袖鏡』(和洋女子大学蔵本)』『大野安興著『大奥女中衣服定』写本(幕末・和洋女子大学蔵本)』

「白綸子地松竹梅鶴亀模様打掛」
18世紀後半~19世紀前半 絹メトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

「白綸子地松竹梅鶴亀模様打掛」

江戸時代の打掛
江戸時代中期の奥方の打掛。西川祐信画『百人女郎品定』(部分)国立国会図書館所蔵">

江戸時代の打掛


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