Marvel - Andrew Marvell

English poet and politician. Born into a Yorkshire clergyman's family, he traveled the continent after graduating from Cambridge University. He returned to England just as the Puritan Revolution was coming to an end, but he still retained royalist sentiments. In 1650, he praised Cromwell in his Horatius Ode, but also mourned the victim, King Charles I. From 1650 to 1652, he lived in Appleton, Yorkshire, as a governess for the daughter of Lord Fairfax, a retired former commander-in-chief of the Parliamentary army. It is believed that most of his excellent lyric poems were written during this period. His style is rich in learning and elegant wit, and marks the end of the tradition of metaphysical poetry, but is more gentle than Donne's. He also differs from Donne in his marked devotion to natural beauty, as seen in his work entitled The Garden. In 1653, he clearly joined the Cromwellian camp. In 1657, he was appointed assistant to Milton, and after the Restoration, he is said to have saved the great poet's life. During the Restoration period, he was a patriotic Puritan who consistently supported the opposition in Parliament. His style changed to violent political satire, heralding the end of the tradition of metaphysical poetry.

[Kawasaki Toshihiko]

"The Poems of Andrew Marvel, edited and translated by Toru Hoshino (1989, Shichosha)" ▽ "Marvel's Garden, by Toshihiko Kawasaki (1974, Kenkyusha Publishing)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

イギリスの詩人、政治家。ヨークシャーの牧師の家に生まれ、ケンブリッジ大学卒業後、大陸を旅行。ピューリタン革命収拾のめどのついたころに帰国したが、まだ王党派的心情を残していた。1650年『ホラティウス風オード』でクロムウェルをたたえ、犠牲者チャールズ1世をも同時に哀惜している。1650～1652年、隠退した元議会派軍総司令官フェアファックス卿(きょう)の娘の家庭教師として、ヨークシャーのアップルトンに滞在。優れた叙情詩の大半はこの時期に書かれたと推測される。詩風は学殖と典雅な機知に富み、形而上(けいじじょう)派詩の伝統の最後を飾るが、ダンよりも穏やかである。『庭』と題する作品にみられるように、自然美への傾倒が著しい点もダンと異なる。1653年、はっきりとクロムウェル陣営に参加。1657年ミルトンの助手に任ぜられ、王政復古後にはこの大詩人の命を助けたといわれる。王政復古期の国会政治に、愛国的な清教徒議員として野党の立場を貫いた。作風は激越な政治風刺詩へと変わり、形而上詩の伝統の終焉(しゅうえん)を告げている。

［川崎寿彦］

『星野徹編訳『アンドルー・マーヴェル詩集』（1989・思潮社）』▽『川崎寿彦著『マーヴェルの庭』（1974・研究社出版）』

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