It refers to salted fish eggs, especially sturgeon eggs. Sturgeon is not a cartilaginous fish like sharks, but a bony fish. Russian caviar is famous, and those from the Caspian Sea and Black Sea are considered the highest quality. It is called one of the three great delicacies in the world, along with truffles and foie gras. [Kaneda Hisashi] Manufacturing methodThe eggs are separated through a sieve, mixed with 10% salt in summer and 8% salt in autumn, left for a few hours, drained, and packed into ceramic or tin cans for aging. Another method is to soak the eggs in saturated salt water for about an hour, then squeeze and drain the water. Since the salt content is low and it does not keep well, it is stored at low temperatures below 5°C. In addition, similar products are made in Germany and the United States using eggs from carp and cod. Most of the caviar imported to Japan is an imitation made from Danish lumpfish (a type of gurnard). In other words, the eggs are dyed black or brown, and can be distinguished by the color of the bread when made into canapes. In Japan, substitutes are made from eggs of cod and flying fish dyed black, but the addition of benzoic acid or sodium benzoate (up to 2.5 grams per kilogram) as a preservative is permitted. It is used as a snack with sake and as hors d'oeuvres. [Kaneda Hisashi] [References] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
魚卵の塩蔵したものをいうが、とくにチョウザメの卵の塩蔵品をさす。チョウザメはサメ類が属する軟骨魚類ではなく、硬骨魚類に含まれる。ロシアのキャビアは名高く、とくにカスピ海、黒海産のものは最高級品とされる。トリュフ、フォアグラとともに世界三大珍味と称される。 [金田尚志] 製法卵を篩(ふるい)で分け、夏季は10%、秋季は8%程度の食塩を混ぜ、数時間置いたのち水切りし、陶製または錫(すず)の缶に詰め熟成させる。また、飽和食塩水に1時間ぐらい浸漬(しんし)後、圧搾して水切りする方法もある。食塩量が少なく貯蔵性がないため5℃以下の低温に保存する。このほか、コイ、タラなどの卵を用いて同じようなものがドイツ、アメリカなどでつくられている。日本に輸入されるキャビアの大部分はデンマークのランプフィッシュ(ホウボウの仲間)からつくった模造品である。すなわち、この卵を黒色または褐色に染めてつくるが、カナッペにしたときパンに色がつくので区別できる。日本でもタラ、トビウオなどの卵を黒く染めて代用品がつくられているが、これには保存料として安息香酸または安息香酸ナトリウムの添加(1キログラム当り2.5グラム以下)が認められている。酒の肴(さかな)、オードブルに用いられる。 [金田尚志] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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