Government Sponsored Overseas Student Regulations

...Until the mid-1870s, the countries of study in each field were European and American countries, but gradually Germany became more prevalent, and government-sponsored study in Germany became the mainstream in the late Meiji and Taisho periods, while privately funded students were more prevalent in the United States. In 1882, the Ministry of Education's overseas students were mainly graduates of the University of Tokyo, according to the "Regulations for Government-sponsored Overseas Students," and in 1885, this was expanded to include graduates and teachers of schools directly controlled by the Ministry of Education. Furthermore, during the period of expansion of higher education after 1917, there was a lot of study abroad for teacher training at newly established and expanded universities, high schools, and technical colleges. Thus, government-sponsored study abroad after 1882 was mainly for teachers and researchers from higher education institutions, and in 1922, the "Regulations for Ministry of Education Overseas Researchers" changed this to the overseas researcher system, which continued until it was discontinued in 1941, when World War II began.

*Some of the terms mentioned in the "Rules for Government-Sponsored Overseas Students" are explained below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…なお留学国は，明治10年代半ばまでは，各分野とも欧米の各国にわたったが，しだいにドイツが多くなり，官費によるドイツ留学は明治後期･大正期の留学の主流となり，アメリカ留学は私費生が多くみられるようになった。文部省関係の留学生は，1882年〈官費海外留学生規則〉によって，東京大学の卒業生を中心とする留学となり，以後85年には，文部省直轄学校の卒業生･教員へと広げられ，さらに1917年以降の高等教育の拡張期には，新設･増設された大学，高校，高専などの教員養成のための留学も盛んに行われた。1882年以後の留学(官費)は，このように，高等教育機関の教員や研究者の留学を主体とするものであり，これは1922年に〈文部省在外研究員規程〉により，在外研究員制度へと切り替えられ，第2次大戦開始の41年に停止するまでつづいた。…

※「官費海外留学生規則」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報