A representative Hindu ruin of the Pallava dynasty in southern India. It is located on the coast facing the Bay of Bengal, 56 km south of Chennai (Madras) in Tamil Nadu. This region has been a commercial and trade center since ancient times, and there is a granite hill about 30 meters high stretching 2.5 km from east to west on the coast, around which there are many rock caves, rock temples, rock carvings, and stone-built coastal temples. Representative rock caves include the Bharaha Mandapa (mandapa is an Indian architectural term referring to a temple with a colonnade and a hall), the Mahishamardini Mandapa, the Trimurti Cave, and the Adi Bharaha Cave. The rock temples are called rathas (cars) in this region, and the five rathas named after the main characters of the Mahabharata, as well as the Ganesha ratha, are carved out of rock, conveying the style of wooden architecture in southern India. Numerous Hindu mythological scenes are carved into the rock faces of these temples, and they are characterized by their composition of groups of statues and their sense of rhythm. All of them were built between the mid-7th century and the early 8th century, and are essential ruins for learning about South Indian architecture and sculpture. These monuments were registered as a World Heritage Site in 1984 (World Cultural Heritage). [Shinichi Nagai] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
インド南部にあるパッラバ朝の代表的ヒンドゥー教遺跡。タミル・ナド州チェンナイ(マドラス)から南へ56キロメートルの、ベンガル湾に面した海岸にある。この地方は古くから商業・貿易の中心であったが、海岸に東西2.5キロメートルにわたり高さ約30メートルの花崗(かこう)岩の丘があり、それを中心に多くの石窟(せっくつ)、岩石寺院、岩壁彫刻、石積み式の海岸寺院がある。石窟の代表的なものはバラーハ・マンダパ(マンダパはインド建築用語で列柱・広間のある寺院をさす)、マヒシャマルディニー・マンダパ、トリムールティ窟、アーディ・バラーハ窟である。岩石寺院はこの地方ではラタ(車)とよばれ、『マハーバーラタ』の主人公の名をとった五つのラタや、ガネーシャ・ラタなどが岩から彫り出されており、南インドの木造建築の型を伝えている。それらの大岩壁には数々のヒンドゥー教神話が浮彫りされ、群像の構成、律動感に特色がある。いずれも7世紀中葉から8世紀初期の建造で、南インド建築・彫刻を知るうえに欠かせない遺跡である。これら建造物群は1984年に世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。 [永井信一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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