Dextrin - Dextrin

Japanese: デキストリン - できすとりん(英語表記)dextrin
Dextrin - Dextrin

Also called starch paste. A general term for intermediate products produced when starch is hydrolyzed with acid, heat, enzymes, etc., and polysaccharides with smaller molecular weights than starch. Also called amylodextrin. A wide range of dextrins are included, from high molecular weight products produced by slightly decomposing starch to low molecular weight products that do not show iodine-starch reaction. In the body, a reaction that produces dextrin from starch is carried out by saliva and bacteria in the small intestine. In industry, the acid roasting method is mainly used.

Dextrins produced by hydrolysis of starch with acids or enzymes are digested and absorbed in much the same way as starch, but some pyrodextrins have bonds that are difficult to break down with digestive enzymes. Dextrins with different degrees of branching can also be obtained by different manufacturing methods, and there are three types of commercially available dextrins: white, pale yellow, and yellow. White dextrin dissolves at least 40% in cold water and completely in hot water. It is mainly used as a finishing paste for silk and other textiles, or as a tablet filler. Pale yellow and yellow dextrins dissolve completely in cold water, have low viscosity, and are widely used. They are also used in the backing of stamps and envelopes, various adhesives such as office glue, water-based paints, pharmaceutical preparations and pharmaceutical fillers, and charcoal briquettes.

[Takashi Muramatsu and Eiji Fuwa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

糊精(こせい)ともいう。デンプンを酸、熱、酵素などで加水分解するときに生ずる中間生成物で、デンプンより分子量の小さい多糖の総称。アミロデキストリンともいう。デンプンをわずかに分解した高分子量のものから、ヨウ素デンプン反応を呈しない低分子量のものまで、広範囲のものが含まれる。生体内では唾液(だえき)や小腸内の細菌によってデンプンからデキストリンを生ずる反応が行われる。工業的には、おもに加酸焙焼(ばいしょう)法が行われている。

 なお、デンプンの酸や酵素による加水分解で生じたデキストリンはデンプンとほぼ同様に消化吸収されるが、焙焼デキストリン(ピロデキストリン)には消化酵素で分解されにくい結合をもつものがある。また、製法によって分岐度の異なるデキストリンが得られ、市販品には白色、淡黄色、黄色の3種がある。白色デキストリンは冷水に40%以上、温水には完全に溶ける。主として絹物などの織物の仕上げ糊(のり)、あるいは錠剤の賦形剤として用いられる。淡黄色および黄色デキストリンは冷水に完全に溶け、粘度が低く、用途が広い。すなわち、切手や封筒などの裏糊、事務用糊など各種の接着剤、水性塗料、製薬の調合や薬品の賦形剤、練炭の粘結剤などにも使われる。

[村松 喬・不破英次]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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