Matsumae clan

Lord of the Matsumae Domain. There are various theories about his origins, but according to records from the Matsumae Domain, he was descended from Takeda Nobuhiro, the son of Takeda Nobukata, the lord of Nochiseyama Castle in Wakasa. Nobuhiro left the province in 1451 (the third year of the Hōtoku Era) and went down to Ashikaga in the Kanto region, then based himself in Kakizaki in Tanabu, Mutsu (Aomori Prefecture), and in 1454 (the third year of the Kyōtoku Era), he crossed over to Ezochi and became a guest of Kakizaki Sueshige, the lord of Hanazawa Castle in Kaminokuni, and succeeded the Kakizaki family after the suppression of the Koshamain uprising. After Nobuhiro, the surname Kakizaki was used by the second head Mitsuhiro, the third Yoshihiro, and the fourth Suehiro, but under the fifth head Yoshihiro, the family changed their surname to Matsumae, following the Toyotomi and Tokugawa clans, and formed a single domain. After Yoshihiro, the head of the Matsumae family was Morihiro (Matsumae family records state that Morihiro was the sixth head, but it was Kimihiro who was officially recognized by the shogunate), Kimihiro, Ujihiro, Takahiro, Norihiro, Kunihiro, Sukehiro, Michihiro, and Akihiro. During the reign of Akihiro, from 1807 (Bunka 4) to 1821 (Bunsei 4), he was transferred to Yanagawa, Date County, Mutsu Province (Date City, Fukushima Prefecture) and became the lord of Yanagawa Domain for 14 years. However, during Akihiro's reign, the domain was restored to its current form, and Yoshihiro, Masahiro, Takahiro, Norihiro, and Nagahiro were the successors of the 18th generation (14th as lords of the domain), until the abolition of the domains and establishment of prefectures (1871). Due to the unique nature of the Matsumae clan's daimyo chigyo rights, which were exclusive rights to trade with Ezo, they did not have kokudaka except at the time of their transfer to Yanagawa and during the late Edo period when their territory took on a unique form, and therefore their family rank is difficult to determine in conjunction with kokudaka, and although the second feudal lord, Kimihiro, accompanied Shogun Iemitsu to Kyoto in 1634 (Kan'ei 11) with an estimated 10,000 koku of people, he was initially treated as a yorai (alternative attendant) and was not officially granted a 10,000 koku rank until 1719 (Kyoho 4). However, after the transfer to Yanagawa, his rank was reduced to 9,000 koku, and after his restoration, several years passed without a rank, before he was granted a 10,000 koku rank again in 1831 (Tenpo 2). In 1849 (Kaei 2), he became the lord of the castle, and in 1855 (Ansei 2), in exchange for most of his former territory, he received a total of 30,000 koku in Yanagawa, Date County, Mutsu Province, and Higashine, Murayama County, Dewa Province (Yamagata Prefecture), becoming a family with a stipend of 30,000 koku for the first time. However, in November 1868 (Meiji 1), Fukuyama Castle fell to an attack by the former Shogunate forces that occupied Goryokaku, and the feudal lord Tokuhiro fled by sea from Kumaishi (Yakumo Town) in the west to Tsugaru, where he died in Hirosaki. In the following year, Nobuhiro took over as head of the family, traveled to the territory with the new government forces, recaptured Fukuyama Castle, and in June of the same year returned the domain and was appointed governor of Tate Domain. In 1871 (Meiji 4), the feudal domains were abolished and prefectures were established, and the family moved to Tokyo, and in 1884 he became a member of the nobility and was granted the title of viscount. In addition, some members of the clan became hatamoto (samurai vassals).

[Susumu Enomori]

"Newly compiled history of Hokkaido, Volume 2, General Theory 1" (1937, Hokkaido Prefectural Government)" ▽ "Newly compiled Narrative clan history, Volume 1" edited by Kanai En and Murai Masuo (1975, Shinjinbutsu Oraisha)" ▽ "Matsumae Town History, General Theory, Volume 1, Part 1" (1984, Matsumae Town)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

松前藩主。出自については諸説があるが、松前藩側の記録では、若狭(わかさ)後瀬山(のちせやま)城主武田信賢(のぶかた)の子武田信広(のぶひろ)を祖とする。信広は1451年（宝徳3）国を出て関東足利(あしかが)に下り、さらに陸奥(むつ)（青森県）田名部(たなぶ)の蠣崎(かきざき)に拠(よ)り、54年（享徳3）蝦夷地(えぞち)に渡って、上ノ国(かみのくに)花沢館主(はなざわたてぬし)蠣崎季繁(すえしげ)の客となり、コシャマインの蜂起(ほうき)鎮定を契機に蠣崎家を継いだことになっている。信広以降、第2世光広(みつひろ)、3世義広(よしひろ)、4世季広(すえひろ)の代まで蠣崎を姓とし、第5世慶広(よしひろ)のとき豊臣(とよとみ)氏、徳川氏に従い松前と改姓して一藩を形成した。松前宗家は、慶広のあと盛広(もりひろ)（松前家の記録では盛広を第6世とするが、幕府より公認されたのは公広(きんひろ)）、公広、氏広(うじひろ)、高広(たかひろ)、矩広(のりひろ)、邦広(くにひろ)、資広(すけひろ)、道広(みちひろ)、章広(あきひろ)が襲封した。章広治世の1807年（文化4）～21年（文政4）の14年間陸奥国伊達(だて)郡梁川(やながわ)（福島県伊達市）への移封により梁川藩主となったが、章広治世中に復領になり、ついで良広(よしひろ)、昌広(まさひろ)、崇広(たかひろ)、徳広(のりひろ)、修広(ながひろ)と18世（藩主としては14代）続いて、廃藩置県（1871）を迎えた。松前氏は、大名知行(ちぎょう)権が蝦夷地交易の独占権という特殊な性格から、梁川移封時や特殊な領域形態をとった幕末期を除いて石高はなく、したがって、その家格も石高(こくだか)と結合した形では確定されにくく、1634年（寛永11）2代藩主公広が1万石の人積りをもって将軍家光(いえみつ)の上洛供奉(じょうらくぐぶ)を勤めているものの、当初は交代寄合(よりあい)として遇され、1719年（享保4）に初めて正式に1万石格となった。しかし、その後梁川への移封に伴い9000石となり、復領後は、格付けのないまま数年を経たうえで、1831年（天保2）ふたたび1万石格となった。その後1849年（嘉永2）城主に列するとともに、55年（安政2）旧領の大部分と引き換えに陸奥国伊達郡梁川、出羽(でわ)国村山郡東根(ひがしね)（山形県）に計3万石を領して、初めて3万石の家格となったが、1868年（明治1）11月、五稜郭(ごりょうかく)を占拠した旧幕府軍の攻撃により福山城が落城、藩主徳広は西在の熊石(くまいし)（八雲町）より海路津軽に逃れ、弘前(ひろさき)で没した。翌69年修広が家督を継ぎ、新政府軍とともに領地に渡り福山城を奪回し、同年6月版籍を奉還し、館藩知事に任じられた。71年（明治4）廃藩置県により東京に移転、84年華族となり子爵を授けられた。なお、同族には旗本になった者もいる。

［榎森　進］

『『新撰北海道史　第2巻　通説1』（1937・北海道庁）』▽『金井圓・村井益男編『新編物語藩史　第1巻』（1975・新人物往来社）』▽『『松前町史　通説編　第1巻　上』（1984・松前町）』

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