Mackenzie, William Lyon

Japanese: マッケンジー（英語表記）Mackenzie， William Lyon

Born March 12, 1795 in Dundee, Scotland
[Died] August 28, 1861. Toronto Canadian journalist, politician, and rebel leader. He immigrated to Canada in 1820 and became a merchant, but in 1824 he began publishing a newspaper, "The Colonial Assertive," which promoted reformist political views and vigorously attacked the oligarchy and "family compact" rule in the Upper Canadian colony at the time. In 1828, he was elected to the Upper Canadian House of Commons as a radical reformer, but was expelled and re-elected five times due to his fierce attacks on the government. In 1835, he was elected the first mayor of Toronto, and reformers gained power in the parliament, leading to the presentation of the "Seventh Report of the Committee on Discontents," which was mainly written by Mackenzie. However, the government's counterattack was also strong. In 1837, infuriated by the British Parliament's refusal to accept the demands of the Canadian reformers, he planned a rebellion, but the uprising failed and he fled to America. This rebellion in Upper Canada, along with the rebellion in Lower Canada led by L. Papineau in the same year, marked the beginning of the establishment of responsible government in Canada through the Durham Report, although Mackenzie himself did not wish for it. He returned to the United States under an amnesty in 1949, and was again elected to the House of Commons in 1951. He retired in 1958.

Mackenzie
Mackenzie, Alexander

Born January 28, 1822 in Perthshire, Scotland
[Died] April 17, 1892. Toronto Canadian politician. Prime Minister (in office 1873-78). Emigrated to Canada in 1842. From 1852 to 1854 he edited a reformist newspaper and formed a friendship with G. Brown. In 1861 he was elected to the United Canadian Provincial Assembly and entered politics. He worked hard to realize Confederation. In 1867 he was elected to the Commons when the Dominion was established, and in 1873 he was appointed Prime Minister when the first Liberal government was formed after the Conservative government of J. MacDonald, who had been ousted in a bribery scandal involving the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway. During his term in office, he established the Supreme Court in Canada, reduced appeals to Britain, and limited the power of the Governor General, thus solidifying Canada's footing as an independent nation. However, the Liberal Party's free trade ideology was not enough to overcome the depression, and MacDonald returned to power in 1878. In 1880 he resigned as leader of the Liberal Party and retired from politics.

Mackenzie
McKenzie, Roderick Duncan

Born: February 3, 1885. Calman
Died May 6, 1940. Ann Arbor, Michigan. American urban sociologist. One of the Chicago School who applied the theory of human ecology to the study of urban communities. In the 1900s, the expansion of America's urban population became rapidly evident. In response to the social background in which pathological phenomena in cities became apparent as cities grew, he applied the approach of human ecology to urban theory as a practical science for urban problems, thereby establishing the foothold of urban sociology. His main work is The Metropolitan Community (1933).

Mackenzie
Mackenzie, Sir Alexander

[Born] 1755? Stornoway
[Died] March 11, 1820, Perth. Scottish explorer. Joined a trading company in Montreal in 1779. In order to capture the Russian fur market, he traveled down the Mackenzie River, which was later named after him, and explored from Great Slave Lake to the Arctic Ocean. In 1793, he crossed the Rocky Mountains from Fort Chipewyan and reached the Pacific Ocean at 52° north latitude. This was the first white man to cross the American continent north of Mexico.

Mackenzie
Mackenzie, (Sir Edward Montague) Compton

Born 17 January 1883 in West Hartlepool, Durham
[Died] November 30, 1972, Edinburgh British novelist. Born in Scotland. After studying law at Oxford University, he turned to literature. He was a prolific writer, but his most famous work is Sinister Street (2 volumes, 1913-14), which established his reputation as a realistic biographical novelist. He also wrote an extensive autobiography.

Mackenzie
McKenzie, Robert Telford

Born: September 11, 1917, Vancouver
[Died] 1981
A Canadian-born British political scientist and sociologist, his major work is British Political Parties: The Distribution of Power within the Conservative and Labour Parties (1955), which analyzes the structure of political parties.

Mackenzie
Mackenzie, William James Millar

Born: April 8, 1909, Edinburgh
[Died] August 22, 1996.
British political scientist. He has served as professor at the University of Manchester and the University of Glasgow. He has made achievements in many areas, mainly in public administration and elections. His main works include "Free Election" (1958) and "Politics and Social Science" (67).

Mackenzie
Mackenzie, Sir Morell

Born: July 7, 1837, Leytonstone, Essex
[Died] February 3, 1892, London. British physician. The first specialist in throat diseases in Britain. After studying medicine at the University of London, he studied in Paris, Vienna, and Budapest, mastered the use of a laryngoscope, and opened a practice in London. In May 1887, he served as personal physician to the German Archduke Frederick.

Mackenzie
Mackenzie, Henry

Born: August 26, 1745, Edinburgh
[Died] January 14, 1831, Edinburgh. British novelist born in Scotland. His novel The Man of Feeling (1771) depicts the experiences of a man with sensitive emotions, and is one of the masterpieces of sentimental literature from the late 18th century.

Mackenzie

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Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1795.3.12. スコットランド，ダンディー
[没]1861.8.28. トロント
カナダのジャーナリスト，政治家，反乱指導者。 1820年カナダに移住し，商人となるが，24年から革新系の政治的主張を盛った新聞『植民地で主張する者』を刊行し，当時のアッパーカナダ植民地における寡頭政治，「家族盟約」による統治を激しく攻撃した。 28年改革派のなかでも急進的な一員としてアッパーカナダ下院に当選したが，激しい政府攻撃ゆえに5回も除名と再選を繰返した。 35年トロント市の初代市長に選ばれ，議会でも改革派が勢力を増加して，主としてマッケンジーの手に成る「不満についての委員会第7報告」を提出するにいたった。しかし政府側の反撃も鋭かった。 37年イギリス本国議会がカナダ改革派の要求を拒否したことに憤激して反乱を計画，蜂起は失敗し，彼自身はアメリカへ逃亡した。このアッパーカナダの反乱は L.パピノーの指導によるローワーカナダの同年の反乱とともに，マッケンジー自身はその樹立を望んだわけではなかったが，ダラム報告によりカナダにおける責任政府樹立の端緒となった。 49年大赦により帰国し，51年再び下院の議席を得た。 58年引退。

マッケンジー
Mackenzie， Alexander

[生]1822.1.28. スコットランド，パースシャー
[没]1892.4.17. トロント
カナダの政治家。首相 (在任 1873～78) 。 1842年カナダへ移住。 52～54年改革派系の新聞を編集して G.ブラウンと親交を結び，61年連合カナダ植民地議会に選出されて政界に入る。コンフェデレーションの実現に尽力した。 67年自治領の成立とともに連邦下院に選ばれ，73年カナダ太平洋鉄道建設にからむ収賄事件で失脚した J.マクドナルドの保守党内閣のあとをうけて初の自由党内閣が成立した際，首相に任じられた。在任中，カナダに最高裁判所を設置してイギリスへの上告を減少させ，総督の権限を制限するなど独立国家としての地歩を固めたが，自由党の奉じる自由貿易主義では不況を克服することはできず，78年マクドナルドが返り咲いた。 80年自由党党首も辞任し，政界からは遠ざかった。

マッケンジー
McKenzie， Roderick Duncan

[生]1885.2.3. カルマン
[没]1940.5.6. ミシガン，アンアーポー
アメリカの都市社会学者。都市のコミュニティー研究に人間生態学の理論を展開したシカゴ学派の1人。アメリカの都市人口の膨張が 1900年代に入って急速に顕著となり，都市の成長とともに都市の病理現象を表出させた社会的背景に対して，都市問題の実践的科学としての都市理論に人間生態学のアプローチを適用させ，都市社会学の足場を築いた。主著『メトロポリタン・コミュニティー』 The Metropolitan Community (1933) 。

マッケンジー
Mackenzie， Sir Alexander

[生]1755?　ストーノウェー
[没]1820.3.11. パース
スコットランド出身の探検家。 1779年モントリオールの貿易会社に入る。ロシア人の毛皮市場を奪うため，のちに彼の名にちなんで命名されたマッケンジー川を下り，グレートスレーブ湖から北極海まで足を延ばして調査。 93年にはフォート・チピワイアンからロッキー山脈を越えて，北緯 52°の地点で太平洋にたどり着いた。これは白人としてメキシコ以北における最初のアメリカ大陸横断である。

マッケンジー
Mackenzie， (Sir Edward Montague) Compton

[生]1883.1.17. ダラム，ウェストハートルプール
[没]1972.11.30. エディンバラ
イギリスの小説家。スコットランド出身。オックスフォード大学で法律を学んだのち文学に転じた。多作家であるが代表作とされるのは『シニスター・ストリート』 Sinister Street (2巻，1913～14) で，写実的伝記小説作家としての名声を確立したもの。ほかに膨大な自叙伝がある。

マッケンジー
McKenzie， Robert Telford

[生]1917.9.11. バンクーバー
[没]1981
カナダ生れのイギリスの政治学者，社会学者。主著としては政党の構造を分析した『英国の政党』 British Political Parties: The Distribution of Power within the Conservative and Labour Parties (1955) がある。

マッケンジー
Mackenzie， William James Millar

[生]1909.4.8. エディンバラ
[没]1996.8.22.
イギリスの政治学者。マンチェスター大学，グラスゴー大学の教授を歴任。行政学や選挙を中心として多方面にわたる業績がある。主著"Free Election" (1958) ，『政治と社会学』 Politics and Social Science (67) 。

マッケンジー
Mackenzie， Sir Morell

[生]1837.7.7. エセックス，レイトンストーン
[没]1892.2.3. ロンドン
イギリスの医師。イギリス最初の咽喉疾患専門家。ロンドン大学で医学を修めたのち，パリ，ウィーン，ブダペストに留学し，喉頭鏡の操作を修得してロンドンで開業。 1887年5月ドイツの皇太子フレデリックの侍医をつとめた。