[Born] Around 14:00. Bikkio Died: February 18, 1455. Italian painter and Dominican friar in Rome. His real name was Guido di Pietro. He was already a painter in 1417, and is said to have become a monk in Fiesole between 1420 and 1422. He spent the next 10 years in various monasteries in central Italy, and in 1436 he moved to the Monastery of San Marco in Florence. His painting career began with the Gothic style of Lorenzo Monaco (→Gothic art), and he showed brilliant colors and meticulous depiction of details using tempera painting. This can be seen clearly in his Confession and Adoration of the Kings (1425-26, San Marco Museum). Later, under the influence of Donatello and Masaccio, he mastered the use of volume and perspective. The results of his work are already evident in the representation of the figures and the spatial composition of his Coronation of the Virgin (c. 1428, Uffizi Gallery). His 1433 Madonna di Linaivoli (St. Mark's Museum) and his 1435 Descent from the Cross (St. Mark's Museum) already show his inclination towards naturalism. In the series of murals at the St. Mark's Monastery, he became a fully Renaissance painter. In 1445, he also worked on the mural decorations of the Chapel of Nicholas V in the Vatican Palace and the Cathedral of Orvieto. He also served as abbot of Fiesole, but spent his later years at the monastery of Santa Maria sopra Minerva in Rome, where he died. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1400頃. ビッキオ [没]1455.2.18. ローマ イタリアの画家でドミニコ会修道士。本名 Guido di Pietro。1417年にはすでに画家で,フィエゾーレの修道僧になったのは 1420~22年頃とされる。その後 10年間ほど,中部イタリアの各修道院で過ごし,1436年,フィレンツェのサン・マルコ修道院に移った。画業は,初めロレンツォ・モナコのゴシック風(→ゴシック美術)から出発し,テンペラ画法で輝くような色彩と丹念な細部描写をみせた。そのことは『聖告と三王礼拝』(1425~26,サン・マルコ美術館)からもよくうかがわれる。やがて,ドナテロやマサッチオらの影響で量体表現と遠近法を会得。その成果は『聖母戴冠』(1428頃,ウフィツィ美術館)における各人像表現と空間構成などに早くも現れている。1433年の『リナイウォーリの聖母』(サン・マルコ美術館)や 1435年頃の『キリスト降架』(同)では,すでに自然主義(→自然主義美術)への傾倒が認められる。そして,サン・マルコ修道院での一連の壁画では,完全にルネサンスの画家になりきっている。さらに 1445年,バチカン宮殿内ニコラウス5世礼拝堂の壁画装飾,オルビエト大聖堂の壁画装飾も手がけた。またフィエゾーレの修道院長も務めたが,晩年はローマのサンタ・マリア・ソープラ・ミネルバの修道院で過ごし,そこで没した。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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