It is a part of marketing activities, and is sometimes translated as merchandising planning. It is a systematic measure based on scientific methods such as market research to distribute products or services that meet market demand at the right time, place, and price. The specific content differs greatly between manufacturers and distributors. In the case of manufacturers, this content corresponds to product planning or product planning. Therefore, the term merchandising is rarely used. Product planning means accurately and quickly grasping the demand desired by customers and planning the quantity, quality, price, supply time, and supply method of products that will achieve customer satisfaction (CS). The basic content of the plan consists of new product development plans and existing product disposal plans. In contrast, distributors do not manufacture products themselves, so in the narrow sense, it is a product lineup consisting of product selection and purchase plans, and in the broad sense, it includes price determination (markup, i.e. how much margin is added to the purchase cost), display, exhibition, sales promotion, etc. In any case, the difference between manufacturers and distributors is whether or not they develop products. However, this does not mean that distributors are only capable of passive merchandising, as evidenced by the provision of market information to manufacturers and the existence of distributor-branded products. [Mitsuo Morimoto] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
マーケティング活動の一部をいい、商品化計画と訳すこともある。これは、市場調査のような科学的手法をもとにして、市場の需要に適合した製品またはサービスを適正な時期と場所で、また適正な価格で流通させるための体系的施策をいう。その具体的内容は、製造業者の場合と流通業者の場合とでは大きく相違する。製造業者の場合には、この内容はプロダクト・プランニングないし製品計画に相当する。そのため、マーチャンダイジングという用語はほとんど使用されない。プロダクト・プランニングとは、顧客の希求する需要内容を正確かつ敏速にとらえ、顧客満足(CS)を実現するような製品の量、質、価格、供給時期、供給方法を計画することをいい、その計画の基本内容は、新製品開発計画と既存製品廃棄計画とから構成される。これに対し、流通業者の場合には、自ら製品を生産しないから、狭義には商品選定と仕入計画からなる品ぞろえになり、広義にとれば価格決定(値入れ、マークアップ、すなわち仕入原価にどれだけマージンを加えるか)、陳列・展示、販売促進などが加わる。いずれにせよ、製造業者と流通業者の相違は、製品開発をするか否かにある。しかしこのことは、流通業者が受動的マーチャンダイジングしかできないことを意味するものではない。製造業者への市場情報の供与や流通業者ブランド製品の存在がそれを証明している。 [森本三男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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