Binary system - Herring law

Japanese: 二進法 - にしんほう
Binary system - Herring law

A system of expressing numbers using two digits, 0 and 1. The counting system used in daily life is the decimal system, which advances to higher digits in groups of 10. In contrast, the binary system is a system of counting that advances to higher digits in groups of 2. In other words, two 1s go up a digit, and two numbers in that digit go up a digit above that, and so on. To express a number expressed in binary in decimal, for example,
10111 → 1×2 4 + 0×2 3
+1×2 2 +1×2+1=23
Conversely, to express a number expressed in decimal in binary, you simply divide it by 2 repeatedly and arrange the remainders starting from the ones digit ( Figure A ).

When calculating in binary, you simply line up the digits and perform the calculations in the same way as with the decimal system, but when adding or multiplying, you use a table that corresponds to single-digit calculations in decimal ( Figure B ).

The binary system is used in computers. In the binary system, each digit can be expressed as either 1 or 0, so for example, if you define an electric circuit as 1 when it is closed and 0 when it is open, then each digit can be expressed with that. Therefore, by arranging many circuits, you can express numbers in binary system.

[Tatsuro Miwa]

[Reference] | Number system | Computer | Decimal system | Bit
Representing the decimal number "13" in binary (Figure A)
©Shogakukan ">

Representing the decimal number "13" in binary (Figure A)

Binary Addition and Product (Figure B)
©Shogakukan ">

Binary Addition and Product (Figure B)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

0と1の2種類の数字によって数を表す方式。日常使われている数え方は十進法(じっしんほう)であって、10ずつで上の位に進むようになっている。これに対して、2ずつで上の位に進む数え方が二進法である。つまり、1が二つ集まって上の位に、また、その位の数が二つ集まるとさらにその上の位に進むというような仕組みである。二進法で表された数を十進法で表すには、たとえば、
  10111→1×24+0×23
      +1×22+1×2+1=23
のようにすればよい。逆に十進法で表された数を二進法で表すには、2で何回も割って、その余りを一の位から並べればよい(図A)。

 二進法での計算は、十進法の場合と同じように桁(けた)をそろえて計算すればよいが、和・積では、十進法の一桁の計算に相当する表を利用する(図B)。

 二進法は、コンピュータで利用されている。二進法では、各位の数が1か0かのどちらかという二つの状態で表すことができるので、たとえば、一つの電気回路について、閉じている場合を1、開いている場合を0と決めれば、それで、一つの位が表されることになる。だから、多くの回路を並べれば、二進法による数を表すことができるわけである。

[三輪辰郎]

[参照項目] | 記数法 | コンピュータ | 十進法 | ビット
十進法の「13」を二進法で表す〔図A〕
©Shogakukan">

十進法の「13」を二進法で表す〔図A〕

二進法の和・積〔図B〕
©Shogakukan">

二進法の和・積〔図B〕


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