A system of expressing numbers using two digits, 0 and 1. The counting system used in daily life is the decimal system, which advances to higher digits in groups of 10. In contrast, the binary system is a system of counting that advances to higher digits in groups of 2. In other words, two 1s go up a digit, and two numbers in that digit go up a digit above that, and so on. To express a number expressed in binary in decimal, for example, When calculating in binary, you simply line up the digits and perform the calculations in the same way as with the decimal system, but when adding or multiplying, you use a table that corresponds to single-digit calculations in decimal ( ).The binary system is used in computers. In the binary system, each digit can be expressed as either 1 or 0, so for example, if you define an electric circuit as 1 when it is closed and 0 when it is open, then each digit can be expressed with that. Therefore, by arranging many circuits, you can express numbers in binary system. [Tatsuro Miwa] [Reference] | | | |©Shogakukan "> Representing the decimal number "13" in binary (Figure A) ©Shogakukan "> Binary Addition and Product (Figure B) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
0と1の2種類の数字によって数を表す方式。日常使われている数え方は十進法(じっしんほう)であって、10ずつで上の位に進むようになっている。これに対して、2ずつで上の位に進む数え方が二進法である。つまり、1が二つ集まって上の位に、また、その位の数が二つ集まるとさらにその上の位に進むというような仕組みである。二進法で表された数を十進法で表すには、たとえば、 二進法での計算は、十進法の場合と同じように桁(けた)をそろえて計算すればよいが、和・積では、十進法の一桁の計算に相当する表を利用する( )。二進法は、コンピュータで利用されている。二進法では、各位の数が1か0かのどちらかという二つの状態で表すことができるので、たとえば、一つの電気回路について、閉じている場合を1、開いている場合を0と決めれば、それで、一つの位が表されることになる。だから、多くの回路を並べれば、二進法による数を表すことができるわけである。 [三輪辰郎] [参照項目] | | | |©Shogakukan"> 十進法の「13」を二進法で表す〔図A〕 ©Shogakukan"> 二進法の和・積〔図B〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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