Magalhães, Fernão de; Ferdinand Magellan

Japanese: マゼラン(英語表記)Magalhães, Fernão de; Ferdinand Magellan
Magalhães, Fernão de; Ferdinand Magellan
[Born] 1480. Oporto?
Died April 27, 1521. Mactan Island Portuguese navigator. First person to circumnavigate the globe. Born to a Portuguese minor nobleman, he served under King Manuel I (the Fortunate), and participated in the Indian expedition led by F. Almeida, the first governor of Portuguese India, in 1505. In 1513, he joined the Moroccan expedition and was seriously wounded. He eventually fell out of favor with King Manuel I and went to Spain to serve King Charles I (Holy Roman Emperor Charles V). With the King's approval, he left Sanlucar de Barrameda on September 20, 1519, with his command ship Trinidad and four other ships (265 people from nine countries) to search for a route to the Orient that would avoid the southern tip of Africa, which Portugal had a monopoly on. He sailed south along the coast of South America, discovered the Strait of Magellan, and entered the Pacific Ocean on November 28, 1520. By this time, the fleet had grown to three ships. After 99 days of sailing, suffering from food and water shortages and scurvy, they arrived at Ladrones Island (Guam) in the Mariana Islands on March 6, 21, and then at the southern tip of the Samar Islands (now the Philippines) on March 9. Magellan was killed by the natives there, but the survivors continued their voyage, picking up his wish and reaching the Maluku Islands, where only one ship, the Victoria, remained. On September 7, 22, they returned to Spain under the command of J. Elcano. Only 17 surviving European crew members and four Malays returned. This voyage marked the first circumnavigation of the Earth and provided practical proof of the theory that the Earth is spherical.

Magellan
Megellan

NASA's Venus mapping probe. Diameter 3.7m, length 6.4m, weight 3450kg when inserted into Venus, weight 1035kg in orbit. Its main objectives are to study the surface shape of Venus and the processes governing it, to gain knowledge about its geological history, and to take an overall image with a resolution of 1km or better. It was launched into interplanetary orbit by the Space Shuttle in May 1989. It took 15 months to reach Venus in August 1990, and entered an elliptical orbit around Venus using a solid rocket motor. During its eight-month observation period, it used a synthetic aperture radar to take radar images of 70-90% of the Venus surface, which were transmitted to Earth, and it retired in 1991.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1480. オポルト?
[没]1521.4.27. マクタン島
ポルトガルの航海者。最初の地球周航者。ポルトガルの下級貴族出身で,マヌエル1世 (幸運王)に仕え,1505年ポルトガル領インド初代総督 F.アルメイダのインド遠征に参加。 13年モロッコ遠征隊に加わり重傷を負った。やがてマヌエル1世と不和になり,スペインにおもむきカルロス1世 (神聖ローマ皇帝カルル5世 ) に仕えた。国王の承認を得て,ポルトガルが独占しているアフリカ南端回りを避けて東洋に到達するルートを捜し求めるために,19年9月 20日,司令船『トリニダード』号に乗り,その他4隻の船隊 (265人で9ヵ国の人々から成る) を率いてサンルカルデバラメダを出発,南アメリカ沿岸を南下してマゼラン海峡を発見し,20年 11月 28日太平洋に出た。このときすでに船隊は3隻になっていた。食糧,水の欠乏や壊血病に苦しみながら 99日の航海ののち,21年3月6日マリアナ諸島のラドロネス島 (グアム島) に到着,次いで3月9日サマール群島 (現フィリピン諸島) の南端に到着した。マゼランはここで先住民に殺されたが,生存者は彼の志を継ぎ航海を続行,マルク諸島にいたって,『ビクトリア』号ただ1隻となり,22年9月7日 J.エルカノに率いられてスペインに帰国。帰り着いたのはわずか 17人の生残りのヨーロッパ人乗組員と4人のマレー人であった。この航海により,世界最初の地球周航が実現し,地球球体説が実際的にも証明された。

マゼラン
Megellan

NASAの金星マッピング探査機。直径 3.7m,長さ 6.4m,金星投入時重量 3450kg,同軌道上での本体重量 1035kg。主な目的は,金星の表面形状とそれを支配している過程を調べ,地質学的歴史についての知識を得ること,1km以上の解像度で全体の像を撮ること,などである。 1989年5月,スペースシャトルにより惑星間軌道に打ち上げられた。 15ヵ月を要して,90年8月に金星に到着し,固体ロケットモータにより金星のだ円軌道に入った。8ヵ月の観測期間中,合成開口レーダを用いて,金星表面の 70~90%に当たる部分のレーダ像を撮影し,地球に伝送し,91年に役割を終えた。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Strait of Magellan

>>:  Mazepa

Recommend

Premolar - Premolar

…Humans have eight deciduous teeth, two on each s...

Endorsement license - uragakimenkyo

…This is called an endorsement, and people of hig...

Genus Rock Hyrax - Rock Hyrax

...The lifespan of a captive specimen has been re...

Probation officer - Hogoshi

Probation officers assist in the rehabilitation of...

Kinnamomum Cassia - Kinnamomum Cassia

… There are cinnamon species found in Yunnan, sou...

Naoki Kano

A Chinese scholar from the Taisho to early Showa ...

Orchestra - Kangengaku

A relatively large ensemble that comes together t...

Brown forest soil

This soil is found widely under broadleaf forests...

Giant oil bat - Great oil bat

...Its main natural enemy is the domestic cat. Th...

Lagorchestes

…Among the mammals belonging to the marsupial fam...

tsentrifuga

...In Russian, it is called futurizm. Four main g...

puṇya (English spelling) punya

… [Kenji Shimada] [India] The word "Zen"...

Telugu - Telugu

A Dravidian language and one of the official langu...

Takenori Kiyohara

Date of birth and death unknown. A military comma...

Jumping seed

...Three seeds form a cluster, and each seed has ...