[Born] 1480. Oporto? Died April 27, 1521. Mactan Island Portuguese navigator. First person to circumnavigate the globe. Born to a Portuguese minor nobleman, he served under King Manuel I (the Fortunate), and participated in the Indian expedition led by F. Almeida, the first governor of Portuguese India, in 1505. In 1513, he joined the Moroccan expedition and was seriously wounded. He eventually fell out of favor with King Manuel I and went to Spain to serve King Charles I (Holy Roman Emperor Charles V). With the King's approval, he left Sanlucar de Barrameda on September 20, 1519, with his command ship Trinidad and four other ships (265 people from nine countries) to search for a route to the Orient that would avoid the southern tip of Africa, which Portugal had a monopoly on. He sailed south along the coast of South America, discovered the Strait of Magellan, and entered the Pacific Ocean on November 28, 1520. By this time, the fleet had grown to three ships. After 99 days of sailing, suffering from food and water shortages and scurvy, they arrived at Ladrones Island (Guam) in the Mariana Islands on March 6, 21, and then at the southern tip of the Samar Islands (now the Philippines) on March 9. Magellan was killed by the natives there, but the survivors continued their voyage, picking up his wish and reaching the Maluku Islands, where only one ship, the Victoria, remained. On September 7, 22, they returned to Spain under the command of J. Elcano. Only 17 surviving European crew members and four Malays returned. This voyage marked the first circumnavigation of the Earth and provided practical proof of the theory that the Earth is spherical. Magellan |
[生]1480. オポルト? [没]1521.4.27. マクタン島 ポルトガルの航海者。最初の地球周航者。ポルトガルの下級貴族出身で,マヌエル1世 (幸運王)に仕え,1505年ポルトガル領インド初代総督 F.アルメイダのインド遠征に参加。 13年モロッコ遠征隊に加わり重傷を負った。やがてマヌエル1世と不和になり,スペインにおもむきカルロス1世 (神聖ローマ皇帝カルル5世 ) に仕えた。国王の承認を得て,ポルトガルが独占しているアフリカ南端回りを避けて東洋に到達するルートを捜し求めるために,19年9月 20日,司令船『トリニダード』号に乗り,その他4隻の船隊 (265人で9ヵ国の人々から成る) を率いてサンルカルデバラメダを出発,南アメリカ沿岸を南下してマゼラン海峡を発見し,20年 11月 28日太平洋に出た。このときすでに船隊は3隻になっていた。食糧,水の欠乏や壊血病に苦しみながら 99日の航海ののち,21年3月6日マリアナ諸島のラドロネス島 (グアム島) に到着,次いで3月9日サマール群島 (現フィリピン諸島) の南端に到着した。マゼランはここで先住民に殺されたが,生存者は彼の志を継ぎ航海を続行,マルク諸島にいたって,『ビクトリア』号ただ1隻となり,22年9月7日 J.エルカノに率いられてスペインに帰国。帰り着いたのはわずか 17人の生残りのヨーロッパ人乗組員と4人のマレー人であった。この航海により,世界最初の地球周航が実現し,地球球体説が実際的にも証明された。 マゼラン
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