It was established as an external bureau of the Prime Minister's Office in 1956 (Showa 31) based on the Science and Technology Agency Establishment Act (Act No. 49 of 1956). In January 2001 (Heisei 13), it was merged with the Ministry of Education to become the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The head of the Science and Technology Agency was the Minister of Science and Technology, who was a Minister of State. Its main mission was to comprehensively promote administration related to science and technology (excluding those related only to the humanities and those related to research at universities) in order to promote science and technology and contribute to the development of the national economy. Specifically, the Science and Technology Agency's duties included planning, drafting, and promoting basic science and technology policies, coordinating the science and technology affairs of related administrative agencies, investigating, analyzing, and compiling statistics on domestic and international trends in science and technology and the use of atomic energy, general measures for the comprehensive use of resources, promoting the use of space, regulating nuclear fuel materials and nuclear reactors, and providing assistance for testing and research on the use of atomic energy. In addition to the Commissioner's Office, there were five internal bureaus: the Science and Technology Policy Bureau, the Science and Technology Promotion Bureau, the Research and Development Bureau, the Atomic Energy Bureau, and the Nuclear Safety Bureau. As affiliated organizations, there were the National Aerospace Laboratory, the National Research Institute for Metals, the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, the National Institute for Inorganic Materials, the National Institute of Science and Technology Policy, and the Radiation Council. Special corporations under its jurisdiction included the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, the National Space Development Agency of Japan, the RIKEN, the Marine Science and Technology Center, the Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, and the Japan Science and Technology Corporation. In addition, the Mito Atomic Energy Office was established as a regional branch bureau. It also handled general affairs for the Council for Science and Technology, the Atomic Energy Commission, the Nuclear Safety Commission, the Space Activities Commission, and the Ocean Development Council, all of which were established in the Prime Minister's Office at the time. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology took over these duties and established the Science and Technology Policy Bureau, Research Promotion Bureau, and Research and Development Bureau. Nuclear power and energy-related matters were transferred to the Council for Science and Technology Policy (currently the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation) newly established in the Cabinet Office and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, etc.). As for the affiliated organizations and corporations under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, in April 2001, the National Research Institute for Metals and the Institute for Inorganic Materials were merged to form the National Institute for Materials Science, and in October 2003, the National Space Development Agency of Japan, the National Aerospace Laboratory, and the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science were merged to form the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). The Japan Science and Technology Agency became the Japan Science and Technology Agency. In April 2004, the Marine Science and Technology Center was merged with the research vessels and operating organization of the Ocean Research Institute of the University of Tokyo to form the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, and in October 2005, the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute and the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Development Institute were merged to form the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. [Kazukazu Hirata] Furthermore, in 2013, the Mito Nuclear Energy Office was abolished, and the Science and Technology Policy Research Institute was reorganized as the National Institute of Science and Technology Policy. In 2016, the National Institute of Radiological Sciences was merged with part of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency to become the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, and became one of the research divisions of the agency (it will be renamed the Institute of Radiological Sciences in 2021). [Editorial Department, November 17, 2021] [References] | | | | | Laboratory| |National |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
1956年(昭和31)、科学技術庁設置法(昭和31年法律第49号)に基づき、総理府の外局として設置された行政機関。2001年(平成13)1月の中央省庁再編で、文部省と統合して文部科学省となった。 科学技術庁の長は、科学技術庁長官とし、国務大臣があてられた。主たる任務は、科学技術の振興を図り、国民経済の発展に寄与するため、科学技術(人文科学のみにかかわるものおよび大学における研究にかかわるものを除く)に関する行政を総合的に推進することにあった。具体的に、科学技術庁が行ってきた事務は、科学技術に関する基本的な政策の企画・立案・推進、関係行政機関の科学技術に関する事務の総合調整、科学技術および原子力利用に関する内外の動向の調査・分析・統計の作成、資源の総合利用のための方策一般、宇宙の利用の推進、核燃料物質および原子炉に関する規制、原子力利用に関する試験研究の助成などであった。 内部部局として、長官官房のほか、科学技術政策局、科学技術振興局、研究開発局、原子力局、原子力安全局の五つ、付属機関として、航空宇宙技術研究所、金属材料技術研究所、放射線医学総合研究所、防災科学技術研究所、無機材質研究所、科学技術政策研究所および放射線審議会が置かれていた。所管特殊法人としては、日本原子力研究所、宇宙開発事業団、理化学研究所、海洋科学技術センター、核燃料サイクル開発機構、科学技術振興事業団があった。また、地方支分部局として水戸原子力事務所が置かれていた。なお、当時の総理府に設けられていた科学技術会議、原子力委員会、原子力安全委員会、宇宙開発委員会、海洋開発審議会の庶務を行っていた。 これら任務が引き継がれた文部科学省には、科学技術・学術政策局、研究振興局、研究開発局が置かれている。なお、原子力やエネルギー関係については、内閣府に新設された総合科学技術会議(現、総合科学技術・イノベーション会議)や経済産業省(資源エネルギー庁など)に移管された。文部科学省発足後の付属機関や所管法人に関しては、2001年4月金属材料技術研究所と無機材質研究所が統合し物質・材料研究機構となり、2003年10月には宇宙開発事業団、航空宇宙技術研究所、宇宙科学研究所の3機関が統合し、宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA(ジャクサ))が発足した。また、科学技術振興事業団は科学技術振興機構となっている。2004年4月には海洋科学技術センターが、東京大学海洋研究所の研究船ならびにその運航組織と統合し、海洋研究開発機構となり、2005年10月には日本原子力研究所と核燃料サイクル開発機構が統合し、日本原子力研究開発機構となった。 [平田和一] さらに2013年には水戸原子力事務所が廃止され、科学技術政策研究所が科学技術・学術政策研究所へと改組された。2016年、放射線医学総合研究所は日本原子力研究開発機構の一部と統合して量子科学技術研究開発機構となり、同機構の研究部門の一つとなった(2021年に放射線医学研究所と改称)。 [編集部 2021年11月17日] [参照項目] | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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