Polish folk dance. The name comes from the fact that it was danced by the people of Masovian region (Mazur). There are many varieties, each with a different speed, steps and atmosphere, but the most commonly known are obertas (very fast turns), mazur (medium speed) and kujaviak (slow movements). All have a triple beat, with the accent on the second or third beat. The accompanying instruments are the fiddle and duda (a type of bagpipe). Sometimes it was also sung. The mazurka spread from the peasants to the upper classes, and from around the 17th century it spread as an instrumental piece to countries surrounding Poland, but in the 19th century it spread to Europe, especially through Chopin. Chopin wrote about 50 piano pieces rich in poetry, combining the melody and rhythm unique to this dance, as well as the harmonies that fluctuate between major and minor keys, with his own style. Other composers who wrote piano pieces for the mazurka include Szymanowski of Poland, and Liszt, Faure, and Scriabin from outside Poland. [Toshiko Sekine] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ポーランドの民族舞踊。名称は、マゾフシェ地方の人々(マズル)が踊っていたことに由来する。多くの種類があり、それぞれ速度、ステップ、雰囲気が異なるが、一般にはオベルタスobertas(非常に速く旋回する)、マズル(中庸の速さ)、クヤビアクkujaviak(ゆっくりとした動き)などが知られている。いずれも三拍子で、二拍目か三拍目にアクセントが置かれる。伴奏楽器はフィドル(バイオリン)とドゥダ(一種のバッグパイプ)。また、歌われることもあった。 マズルカは農民から上流階級へと伝わり、17世紀ごろから器楽曲としてポーランド周辺の国々に伝わっていくが、19世紀に入って、とくにショパンを通じてヨーロッパに広まる。ショパンには、この舞曲特有の旋律やリズム、さらには長調と短調の間を揺れ動く和声などを、独自の様式と結び付けた詩情豊かな約50曲のピアノ作品がある。その他の作曲家としては、ポーランドのシマノフスキ、ポーランド以外ではリスト、フォーレ、スクリャービンなどがいずれもピアノ曲をつくっている。 [関根敏子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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