Lake Makihishiko - Maki Ryoko

A calligrapher from the late Edo period. Along with Nukina Kaiya and Ichikawa Beian, he is counted as one of the "Three Calligraphers of the End of the Tokugawa Period" and is known for his excellent calligraphy. He was born in Maki, Echigo (present-day Maki, Nishikan Ward, Niigata City). His given name was Dainin, his pen name was Chien, and his nickname was Unai. He also went by the names Kosai and Ryoko. His real surname was Koyama. He was called Maki after the name of his birthplace. He became a disciple of the Confucian scholar Kameda Hosai and studied various works of calligraphy, but he excelled in calligraphy and poetry in particular. He established a family of calligraphers who modeled their calligraphy on Chinese calligraphers Zhao Zigong, Dong Qichang, and the ancient and modern calligraphy works. He also studied calligraphy in an effort to emulate the calligraphy of the Jin and Tang dynasties, and established his own style of calligraphy in the Tang style. He excelled in the styles of regular, running, cursive, seal, and clerical calligraphy, which were based on his study of philology, including his study of the Shuowen Jiezi. He left behind works such as The Source of the Ten Forms. He had many disciples, including well-known masters such as Ubukata Teisai, Hagiwara Shugan, and Nakazawa Yukishiro, and his calligraphy spread mainly among the common people, exerting a great influence on later generations.

[Hiroyuki Shimatani]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸末期の書家。貫名海屋(ぬきなかいおく)、市河米庵(べいあん)とともに「幕末の三筆」の1人に数えられ、能書として知られる。越後(えちご)巻（現新潟市西蒲(にしかん)区巻）の出身。名は大任、字(あざな)は致遠、通称は右内。弘斎(こうさい)、菱湖と号した。本姓は小山。生地の名にちなみ巻と称す。儒者亀田鵬斎(ほうさい)の門人となり諸書を学んだが、わけても書法と詩に秀でていた。書は、中国の趙子昂(ちょうすごう)、董其昌(とうきしょう)や古今の法帖(ほうじょう)を範として一家をなした。さらに、晋(しん)唐の書法を目ざして習書に励み、独自の唐様(からよう)の書風を確立。楷(かい)・行・草・篆(てん)・隷の各体をよくしたが、これは『説文解字』の研究など、文字学を基盤としたものである。『十体源流』などの著を残す。門人は多く、生方鼎斎(うぶかたていさい)、萩原秋巌(はぎわらしゅうがん)、中沢雪城らが知られるが、その書は庶民階級を中心に広まり、後世に大きな影響を与えた。

［島谷弘幸］

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