Sogi

A renga master from the Muromachi period. Although the Kii theory was widely practiced in the early modern period, he is said to have originated from Omi. He went to Kyoto at a young age and entered the monks' quarters of Shokoku-ji Temple. From around the age of 30, he devoted himself to waka and renga, first studying under Sozei and then Senjun. His first renga work, "Nanihito Hyakuin," written by himself in 1461 (Kansho 2), is the first renga work that has survived. After that, he participated in renga gatherings in various places and distinguished himself by participating in "Kumano Senku." In 1466 (Bunsho 1), he made his first trip east, where he met Shinkei, who was living in the Kanto region, and they deepened their relationship by participating in "Kawagoe Senku," and he perfected renga by incorporating Shinkei's style into Sozei's. After returning to Kyoto in 1573 (Bunmei 5), he lived in a hermitage called Tanegyokuan, compiled his own collection of haiku, Wasuregusa, and compiled haiku by seven of his predecessors, Chikurin Sho, and became a leading figure in the world of linked verse after the deaths of Shinkei and Senjun. Meanwhile, in 1571, while on a campaign in Izu, he listened to a lecture on the Kokinshu by Toutsuneyori, which became the basis for his Kokindenju. In 1580, he was invited by Ouchi Masahiro to go down to Yamaguchi, where he traveled around Kitakyushu under Ouchi's control, and wrote "Tsukushi Michinoki." In 1588 (Chokyo 2), he was appointed as the magistrate of the renga kaisho (linked verse gathering) at Kitano Shrine. In 1594 (Meio 3), he began the compilation of the "Shinsen Tsukubashu" (New Selection of Tsukuba Poets) together with Kanezai, and the following year, he was presented with a quasi-imperial commission to compile the work. He was invited by many feudal lords and high-ranking officials to travel, and in 1500 (Meio 9), he set out for Echigo. In 1502 (Bunki 2), he passed from Echigo to Shinano, Kozuke, and headed to Mino, where he died of an illness on July 30th at an inn in Hakone Yumoto. In addition to "Kayagusa," he wrote other linked verse anthologies such as "Wakuraba," "Shimokusa," and "Uraba," and is famous for the 100-verse linked verses "Minase Sangin" and "Yuyama Sangin," which he composed with his disciples Shohaku and Socho. He also wrote many treatises on linked verse, including "Chorokubumi," "Yodo-no-Watari," "Bunyo," "Azuma Mondo," and "Roi no Susami." His poetry anthology includes "Sōgi-Hoshi-Shu," and he has written commentaries on many classics, including the "Kokinshu" and "The Tale of Genji," and has also left behind written commentaries. Later, as a traveling poet, he gave rise to many legends, influencing Basho and others.

[Shimazu Tadao]

"Sogi" by Ijichi Tetsuo (1943, Shungodo)" ▽ "A Study of Sogi" by Eto Yasusada (1967, Kazama Shobo)" ▽ "Sogi" by Konishi Jinichi (1971, Chikuma Shobo) ▽ "The Life and Works of Sogi" by Kaneko Kanejiro (1983, Ohfusha)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

室町時代の連歌師。生国は近世には紀伊説が広く行われたが、近江(おうみ)の出自らしい。若くして上洛(じょうらく)し、相国寺の僧坊に入ったことがあった。30歳ごろから和歌、連歌に専念し、初め宗砌(そうぜい)に、ついで専順につき、1461年（寛正2）独吟の『何人(なにひと)百韻』が現存する最初の連歌作品で、それ以後、諸所の連歌会に一座し、『熊野千句』に加わるまでに頭角を現してくる。66年（文正1）第1回の東国下向、関東流寓(りゅうぐう)中の心敬に会い、『河越千句』に一座するなどして関係を深め、宗砌風に心敬風を取り入れて連歌を大成。73年（文明5）帰京後は、種玉庵の草庵を営み、自撰(じせん)句集『萱草(わすれぐさ)』を編み、先達7人の句を集めた『竹林抄』を撰し、やがて、心敬、専順ら没後の連歌界に第一人者となって活躍する。一方、71年伊豆に出陣中の東常縁(とうつねより)より『古今集』の講釈を聴聞し、古今伝授(こきんでんじゅ)の基となる。80年大内政弘(まさひろ)の招きにより山口に下り、その勢力下の北九州を回って、『筑紫道記(つくしみちのき)』を著し、88年（長享2）には北野社の連歌会所奉行に就任、94年（明応3）には兼載とともに『新撰菟玖波(しんせんつくば)集』の撰進に着手し、翌年奏覧して准勅撰の倫旨(りんじ)を賜る。大名高家に招かれて、しばしば旅をし、1500年（明応9）越後(えちご)へ出立、02年（文亀2）越後から信濃(しなの)、上野(こうずけ)を経て美濃(みの)に向かう途中、7月30日箱根湯本の旅宿で病没する。『萱草』のほか『老葉(わくらば)』『下草』『宇良葉(うらば)』などの連歌句集があり、高弟の肖柏(しょうはく)、宗長とで巻いた『水無瀬(みなせ)三吟』『湯山三吟』の百韻連歌は著名。連歌論書にも『長六文(ちょうろくぶみ)』『淀渡(よどのわたり)』『分葉(ぶんよう)』『吾妻(あづま)問答』『老のすさみ』など数多い。歌集に『宗祇法師集』があり、『古今集』『源氏物語』など多くの古典を講釈し、また、その注釈の書を残している。のちに、旅の詩人として、さまざまの伝説が生じ、芭蕉(ばしょう)などにも影響を与えている。

［島津忠夫］

『伊地知鉄男著『宗祇』（1943・春梧堂）』▽『江藤保定著『宗祇の研究』（1967・風間書房）』▽『小西甚一著『宗祇』（1971・筑摩書房）』▽『金子金治郎著『宗祇の生活と作品』（1983・桜楓社）』

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