A long ruler that is wound up on a reel and carried around when not in use. There are metal, fiber, and bamboo rulers. Metal rulers come in wire and tape shapes, while fiber rulers come in string and tape shapes. Bamboo rulers are made by splitting bamboo into thin strips and joining them together. All of them have graduations or markings for each unit length. The history of tape measures is long, and there are illustrations of string-like tape measures being used in the construction of pyramids. The early ones were all made of string, rope, or bamboo strips, and in Japan those used for surveying were called Kennawa or Takenawa, and those used for rice fields were also called Mizunawa. The highest quality is the surveyor's baseline tape measure. This is an alloy wire ruler about 25 metres long that does not expand or contract with temperature, has scales only on both ends, and is used to set geodetic baselines. The ones generally used for surveying and construction are in the form of steel tapes, with temperature and tension compensation made as necessary. The longest is 200 metres, but longer ones are made for special purposes. For everyday use, there is the convex rule, which is a short rule made by shaping the tape into a trough and standing it up. Fiber ropes used natural fibers such as hemp and were subject to large changes in temperature and humidity, but in recent years they have been replaced by glass fibers, which have improved both in accuracy and durability. Bamboo ropes were used in rice paddies and other areas until the Second World War, but are no longer made. For general use, JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) have been established, and accuracy is also regulated by the Weights and Measures Act. [Koizumi Kesakatsu] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
使用しないときは巻枠に巻き込んで格納して携行する長い物差し。金属製、繊維製および竹製などがある。金属製には針金状のものとテープ状のものが、繊維製には紐(ひも)状とテープ状のものがある。竹製は竹を細く割って接(は)ぎ合わせたものである。いずれも単位長さごとの目盛りまたは標識をもつ。 巻尺の歴史は古く、ピラミッドの建設に紐状の巻尺を使っている図が残っている。初期のものはすべて紐、縄、竹のひごで、日本では測量用のものは間縄(けんなわ)または竹縄(たけなわ)とよばれ、また田地用のものは水縄(みずなわ)ともよばれた。 最高級のものには測量用基線巻尺がある。これは、温度による膨張収縮のない25メートルほどの合金の針金尺で、両端のみに目盛りがあり、測地基線の設定に用いられる。一般に用いられる測量、建設用のものは鋼製のテープ状で、必要に応じ温度および張力の補正を行う。200メートルが最長であるが、特別な用途にはもっと長いものもつくられる。日常用の短いものには、テープを樋(とい)状にして、立てて使えるコンベックスルールがある。 繊維製は麻などの天然繊維が用いられていたので、温度・湿度による変化が大きかったが、最近はガラス繊維にかわり、精度・耐久性とも向上した。竹縄は第二次世界大戦前まで水田などに用いられたが、いまはつくられない。一般用にはJIS(ジス)(日本工業規格)が設けられ、また計量法の規定もあって精度が定められている。 [小泉袈裟勝] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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