Gorin

In Confucianism, human relationships are divided into five categories: father and son, ruler and subject, husband and wife, elders and children, and friends. They also refer to the virtues that are considered most important in each relationship, namely parenthood, righteousness, distinction, order, and faithfulness. They are also called the Five Teachings, Five Standards, and Five Constant Virtues. The ancient Book of Documents, Shun Classic, has the term "Five Teachings," and there seems to be an attempt to systematize morality by relying on the authority of the sage king, seeking universality in morality. However, when Mencius (Meng Ke) wrote, "(Shun) made the Minister of Education and taught about human ethics. There is parenthood between father and son, righteousness between ruler and subject, distinction between husband and wife, order between elders and children, and faithfulness between friends" (Teng Wen Gong, Part 1), this was established as the "Teaching of the Five Relationships." In the "Dog of the Mean," this is called the Five Ways, and the relationship between ruler and subject is given the highest priority. Along with the Five Constant Virtues of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness, this is the foundation of Confucian ethics.

[The World of the Ordinary]

"Chinese Culture Series 2: An Introduction to Thought" edited by Tadashi Akatsuka et al. (1968, Taishukan Shoten) " "Confucian Thought" by Seiichi Uno (1984, Kodansha Academic Library)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

儒教において、5種類に整理された人間関係、すなわち父子、君臣、夫婦、長幼、朋友(ほうゆう)。またそれぞれの関係の間でもっとも重要とされる徳、すなわち親、義、別、序、信を含めていう。五教、五典、五常ともよばれる。古く『書経』舜典(しゅんてん)に「五教」の語があり、聖王の権威に託して道徳の普遍性を求め、これを体系化する試みがみえるが、孟子(もうし)（孟軻(もうか)）が「（舜(しゅん)）契(せつ)をして司徒たらしめ、教ふるに人倫を以(もっ)てす。父子親有り、君臣義有り、夫婦別有り、長幼序有り、朋友信有り」（滕文公(とうぶんこう)上篇）と述べるに至り、「五倫の教え」として確定した。『中庸(ちゅうよう)』ではこれを五達道(ごたつどう)とよび、君臣関係を第一に数える。仁義礼智(ち)信の五常とともに儒教倫理説の根本である。

［廣常人世］

『赤塚忠他編『中国文化叢書2　思想概論』（1968・大修館書店）』▽『宇野精一著『儒教思想』（1984・講談社学術文庫）』

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