There is a difference between the measured temperature and the temperature sensation felt by the human skin. Sensible temperature is an attempt to quantitatively express the sensation of body temperature, which is generally expressed as hot or cold. It is thought that this sensation is affected by environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, airflow/wind speed, heat radiation) and human body conditions (activity level (metabolism) and amount of clothing). In some cases, health condition, gender, age, and habituation may also be factors that should be considered. Even with the same temperature, the way the temperature is felt changes depending on the overlap of several of these various factors. Indicators of sensible temperature include the effective temperature (ET) of CP Yaglou, which represents the environmental temperature as the temperature when there is no wind and humidity of 100%, and the predicted mean vote (PMV) of PO Fanger, which derived a comfort equation from the human body heat balance equation and extended it to express warm and cold sensations. Other proposed indicators include the new effective temperature (ET*) and the index corrected humid operative temperature (HOTV). Each of these indices has its own limitations, and no indices that can be used across all areas have been created to date. Many of the thermal indices that have been proposed so far are limited in terms of conditions and range, and their accuracy must be improved by using them correctly. [Yoda Tamae] "Encyclopedia of Biometeorology" edited by the Japanese Society of Biometeorology (1992, Asakura Publishing) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
測定された気温と人が肌で感じる温度感覚には差異がある。体感温度とは、一般に暑いとか寒いとかで表現される身体の温度に関する感覚を数量的に表そうとしたものをいう。この感覚には環境条件(気温、湿度、気流・風速、熱放射)と人体条件(活動レベル(代謝量)と着衣量)が作用すると考えられている。そのほか、場合によっては健康状態、性別、年齢、慣れなども考慮すべき要素となる。同じ気温でも、これらの各種要素がいくつにも重なり合うことにより、温度の感じ方が変わってくる。体感温度の指標としては、環境温を湿度100%で無風時の気温で代表させたヤグローC. P. Yaglouの有効温度(ET:effective temperature)や、ファンガーP. O. Fangerが人体熱収支式から快適方程式を導き、それを温冷感表現へ拡張したPMV(predicted mean vote)などがある。ほかにも新有効温度(ET*:new effective temperature)や指標修正湿り作用温度(HOTV:corrected humid operative temperature)などが提案されている。これらの指標にはそれぞれ限界があり、すべての領域にわたって使用可能な指標はいまのところつくられていない。いままで提案されてきた温熱指標の多くはその条件や範囲が限られており、正しく使うことでより精度を高めていくようにしなければならない。 [依田珠江] 『日本生気象学会編『生気象学の事典』(1992・朝倉書店)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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