Izumi Maki

Japanese: 真木和泉 - まき・いずみ

Year of death: 21 July 1864 (22 August 1864)
Year of birth: Bunka 10.3.7 (1813.4.7)
A leading figure in the Sonno Joi movement at the end of the Edo period. His given name was Yasuomi, and his pen names were Okoku and Sadamin. His childhood name was Minato. He was also known as Hisatsu and Tsuruomi. His pen name was Shinada. He was a Junior Fifth Rank Lower and a member of the Izuminokami family. He also took the pseudonym Hama Chutaro. His father was Maki Senshin, a priest at Suitengu Shrine, and he was born in Kurume, Chikugo Province (Fukuoka Prefecture). In 1823 (Bunsei 6), he inherited the family headship, was a junior servant of the Kurume Domain, and a priest at Suitengu Shrine. In 1832 (Tenpo 3), he was promoted to Junior Fifth Rank Lower and developed a sense of being a vassal of the court. He was deeply fascinated by the late Mito school of thought, which advocated sonno joi (revere the expulsion of Emperor and the expulsion of the Emperor), and in 1844 he met with the founder of the school, Zawaan (Seishisai), in his hometown, where he became the center of the Tenpo Gakuren, an association influenced by Mito school (Tenpo school), and attempted reforms, but was imprisoned in his younger brother's house in Kaei Prison in 1852 by conservatives. As the country was opening up to the outside world, he interacted with sonno joi patriots from all over the country, making suggestions to the nobles, and in 1861 he wrote "Gikyu Sansaku" (Three Strategies for a Righteous Move), in which he advocated the restoration of the monarchy. The following year, he escaped from his domain and attempted to travel to Tokyo via Satsuma, where he encountered the Teradaya Incident, and was placed under house arrest in his hometown, but was pardoned by the Imperial Court in January 1863. In April of the same year, he was arrested in the "Izumi Capture" due to a counterattack by the conservative pro-shogunate faction, but was released in May due to pressure from Nakayama Tadamitsu and the Choshu domain, and traveled to Tokyo. In June, he became an official official at Gakushuin. He played a central role in promoting the expedition of foreigners and the plan for the Imperial Visit to Yamato. In the political upheaval of August 18, he retreated to Choshu with the Seven Nobles. In October, he wrote "Dashi Sansaku" (Three Strategies of the Imperial Court), advocating the recapture of the Imperial Court by military force, and in the Kinmon Incident of July 1864 (Genji 1), he participated in the Choshu army as the commander of the Qing side's righteous army of roshi-tai (masterless samurai), and on July 19, he marched toward Sakaimachi Gomon, but was blocked by soldiers of the Fukui domain and others, and was defeated. He retreated to Mt. Tennozan, and refused to flee to Choshu, and on the 21st of the same year, he committed suicide with 16 comrades. His last words were, "I bury the Japanese spirit of my years in the rocks on the peak of Mt. Oyama."

(Masahiko Yoshida)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：元治1.7.21(1864.8.22)
生年：文化10.3.7(1813.4.7)
幕末の尊王攘夷運動の指導的志士。諱は保臣,字は興公,定民。幼名は湊。久寿,鶴臣と称す。号は紫灘。従五位下,和泉守。浜忠太郎と変名。父は水天宮祀官真木旋臣,筑後国(福岡県)久留米で生まれる。文政6(1823)年,家督相続,久留米藩中小姓格,水天宮祀官。天保3(1832)年従五位下に叙され朝臣意識を持つ。尊攘を唱える後期水戸学に心酔,弘化1(1844)年,同学の大成者会沢安(正志斎)に面会,国元で水戸学(天保学)の影響下にある天保学連の中心となり改革を企てるが,保守派により嘉永5(1852)年の嘉永の獄で弟の家に幽閉される。開国の進展に応じて諸国の尊攘志士と交流し公家に建策,文久1(1861)年,『義挙三策』を著し王政復古を説く。翌年,脱藩して薩摩を経て上京しようとして寺田屋の変に遭遇,国元で謹慎,同3年1月,朝命により赦免。保守佐幕派の反撃により「和泉捕り」により同4月に拘禁,中山忠光,長州藩の圧力などにより5月に釈放,上京。6月,学習院御用掛。攘夷親征,大和行幸計画を中心的存在として推進。8月18日の政変により七卿に従って長州に落ちる。10月,『出師三策』を著して軍事力による朝廷奪回を主張,元治1(1864)年7月の禁門の変では浪士隊清側義軍の総管として長州軍に参加,7月19日,堺町御門を目指して進軍したが,福井藩兵などに阻まれて敗北,天王山に退却,長州へ落ち延びることを拒否し同21日,同志16名とともに自刃。辞世「大山の峰の岩根に埋めにけりわが年月の大和魂」。

(吉田昌彦)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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