Ophthalmoscope

…Until fundus examination became possible, diseases of the retina, choroid, optic nerve, etc. of the fundus could not be diagnosed, and were lumped together under the name of fundus shadow, and the treatment was unknown. Therefore, efforts were made to see the fundus, and many ophthalmoscopes have been researched and improved, including Helmholtz's method (1851), in which light from a light source reflected by a flat glass plate in front of the eye is directed into the eye to be examined, and the examiner looks into the pupil through the glass plate. Indirect ophthalmoscopes, which receive light from a darkroom lamp placed to the side of the examinee, and send the light into the eye through a concave reflector with a small hole in the center, and observe the fundus through the small hole, are still in use today. …

*Some of the terms that refer to "ophthalmoscope" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…眼底の検査ができるまでは，眼底の網膜，脈絡膜，視神経などの疾患は診断がつけられず，底翳（そこひ）というような名称で一括され，治療法も不明であった。そのため，眼底を見るための努力が重ねられ，眼前の平面ガラス板で反射された光源からの光を検査する眼に入れ，検者はそのガラス板を通して瞳孔内を見ようとするヘルムホルツの検査法(1851)をはじめ，多くの検眼鏡ophthalmoscopeが研究，改良されてきた。被検者の側方においた光源の暗室灯から光を受け，検者が中央に小孔のあいた凹面反射鏡を手に持ってその光を眼内に送り，小孔から眼底を観察する方式の倒像検眼鏡は，現在でもまだ使用されている。…

※「ophthalmoscope」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報