Central retinitis - Central retinitis

Japanese: 中心性網膜炎 - ちゅうしんせいもうまくえん
Central retinitis - Central retinitis

It is also called central chorioretinitis or central retinitis, but its official name is central serous chorioretinopathy. It is a disease that occurs in the macula, the center of the retina, and its true form is edema (swelling) in the macula. Specifically, it is the accumulation of fluid from the choroid under the retina. Normally, the pigment epithelium between the retina and choroid prevents fluid from leaking out, but if something abnormal occurs here, fluid begins to leak, causing edema.

This disease is common in Japan, and is most commonly seen in men in their 30s and 40s who are in the prime of their working lives. Symptoms include a dark spot in the center of one visual field (central scotoma), objects appearing distorted (metamorphopsia), and objects appearing smaller (micropsia). The disease often develops after overwork or lack of sleep, and is thought to be triggered by stress. It usually heals naturally within six months to a year, but since it would be inconvenient for people in the prime of their working lives to be inconvenienced for more than six months, laser photocoagulation is sometimes performed. In this case, the abnormal area of ​​the pigment epithelium that is causing the edema must be identified using an examination called fluorescein angiography, and treatment must be performed by completely avoiding the center of the macula.

[Mizuo Matsui]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中心性網脈絡膜炎、中心性脈絡網膜炎ともいうが、正式の病名は中心性漿液(しょうえき)性脈絡網膜症である。網膜の中心部である黄斑(おうはん)に病気がおこるもので、その本態は黄斑にみられる浮腫(ふしゅ)(むくみ)である。具体的には、網膜の下に脈絡膜から出てきた水分がたまることである。普段は網膜と脈絡膜との間にある色素上皮が水分の漏れを防いでいるが、ここに異常がおこると、浮腫の原因になる水分の漏れが始まる。

 この病気は日本に多く、30~40歳代の働き盛りの男性に多くみられる。片方の視野中心部が暗く見える(中心暗点)、物がゆがんで見える(変視症)、物が小さく見える(小視症)などの症状が出てくる。過労や睡眠不足のあとなどに発病することが多く、ストレスが誘因となって発病すると考えられている。普通は6か月から1年で自然治癒するが、働き盛りの人が6か月以上も不自由な思いをするのは困るので、レーザー光凝固が行われることもある。この場合には、浮腫の原因となる色素上皮の異常部位を蛍光眼底造影法という検査で確かめ、黄斑の中心部を完全に避けて治療する必要がある。

[松井瑞夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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