A type of writing instrument. The ink inside the barrel is drawn out by the rotation of a small steel ball attached to the tip of the pen, allowing writing to take place. It was first developed in 1943 by Hungarian newspaper proofreader Ladislao Biro, but a further improved version was released in the United States in 1944, and was introduced to Japan by occupying soldiers after World War II. Oil-based ballpoint pens, which use viscous oil-soluble ink, are the norm, but water-based ballpoint pens that use water-based ink are also now available. Oil-based ballpoint pens use a pipe inside the barrel that dispenses oil-soluble ink by rotating the ball, and come in pencil-shaped and portable versions. Portable pens usually have replaceable cores, but some pencil-shaped pens are disposable. The writing width is determined by the ball diameter, and there are varieties such as 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.9 mm, and 1.0 mm. There are also "air pens" that allow writing even when the pen is facing upwards (as the ink is constantly pushed forward by compressed gas), and ones that use special ink that can be erased with an eraser after writing. Water-based ballpoint pens are intermediate in structure between felt-tip pens and oil-based ballpoint pens, and use the same water-soluble ink as felt-tip pens. In most cases, the ink is soaked into the felt-like bristles inside the barrel, and is drawn to the ball at the tip by capillary action using an induction core. Some pens store the ink directly. They are characterized by the fact that they can be written lightly without applying force, and that there is no phenomenon of ink accumulating at the tip while writing, as with oil-based pens, but they may not write well on surfaces that do not hold moisture well, such as tracing paper. [Matsuo Nozawa] ©Shogakukan "> Basic structure of a ballpoint pen (air pen) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
筆記具の一種。ペン先部に装置した小鋼球(ボール)の回転により軸内のインキを引き出し、書写する仕組みとなっている。1943年に新聞の校正係をしていたハンガリー人のラディスラオ・ビロが開発したのに始まるが、1944年にそれよりもさらに改良されたものがアメリカで発売され、日本へは第二次世界大戦後、進駐軍兵士によって紹介された。粘性の油溶性インキを用いる油性ボールペンが一般的であるが、現在は水性インキを用いた水性ボールペンも出ている。 油性ボールペンは、軸内のパイプに入った油溶性インキをボールの回転によって導き出す方式で、鉛筆型のものと携帯用のものとがある。普通、携帯用は中芯(しん)交換式になっているが、鉛筆型には使い捨て方式のものもある。また筆記幅はボール径によって決まり、0.5ミリ、0.7ミリ、0.9ミリ、1.0ミリなどの種類がある。このほか、上向きでも筆記できるようにした「エアペン」(圧縮ガスによりつねにインキを前に押し出しているため)や、書いたあと消しゴムで消すことができる特殊インキを用いたものもある。 水性ボールペンは、サインペンと油性ボールペンの中間的構造の製品で、サインペンと同質の水溶性インキを用いており、多くは軸内のフェルト状の粗毛にしみ込ませたインキを、誘導芯によって先端のボールまで毛細管作用により引き出す。インキをじかに貯蔵したものもある。力を入れずに軽く書け、油性のように筆記中ペン先部にインキがたまるような現象がないのが特長であるが、トレーシングペーパーのように表面に水分がのりにくいものには、うまく筆跡が得られない場合がある。 [野沢松男] ©Shogakukan"> ボールペンの基本構造(エアペン) 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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