German political and social theorist, and historian of social thought. Born in Vienna. After World War I, he joined the German Communist Party in the 1920s and was active in it. In the early 1930s, he also belonged to the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research led by M. Horkheimer. In 1933, with the rise of Hitler's regime, the institute fled to the United States, and Horkheimer was forced to flee to the United Kingdom. His magnum opus, From the Feudal World Image to the Civil World Image (1934), which attempted to explain the establishment and development of the mechanistic view of nature in the early modern period in relation to the manufacturing production process, was published in Paris as the fourth volume of the institute's series. After this, he gradually became more critical of the Communist Party and Comintern, and this position was clearly expressed in his reportages on the Spanish War, such as The Battlefields of Spain (1937) and Comintern (1938). After the Second World War, he briefly taught at the University of Marburg, but continued to work primarily as a writer. [Keizo Ikumatsu] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツの政治・社会理論家、社会思想史家。ウィーンに生まれる。第一次世界大戦後1920年代にはドイツ共産党に入って活躍し、1930年代初めにはM・ホルクハイマーの率いるフランクフルト社会研究所にも所属した。1933年ヒトラー政権の成立により研究所はアメリカに亡命し、彼もイギリスへの亡命を余儀なくされた。近代初頭の機械論的自然観の成立と展開をマニュファクチュア的生産過程との関連において解明しようとした大作『封建的世界像から市民的世界像へ』(1934)は、この研究所の叢書(そうしょ)第4巻としてパリで刊行されている。これ以後しだいに共産党、コミンテルンに対する批判的立場を強め、スペイン戦争のルポルタージュ『スペインの戦場』(1937)、『コミンテルン』(1938)などにその立場は明確に現れている。第二次世界大戦後、一時マールブルク大学で教職にもついたが、主として文筆家としての活動を続けた。 [生松敬三] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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