Polyolefin - Polyolefin (English spelling)

Japanese: ポリオレフィン - ぽりおれふぃん(英語表記)polyolefine
Polyolefin - Polyolefin (English spelling)

A general name for polymers of alkenes (general formula: CnH2n , also known as olefins). They are obtained by polymerizing relatively low molecular weight olefins or diolefins such as ethylene, propylene, butadiene, and isoprene. Those with two double bonds in one molecule are called diolefins, those with three double bonds are called trienes, and those with four double bonds are called tetraenes. Polymerization of those with conjugated double bonds, with two double bonds separated by a single bond, such as butadiene, in the presence of an appropriate catalyst produces 1,4-polybutadiene (butadiene rubber).

The stereoregular polymerization of isoprene has also led to the synthesis of cis-1,4-polyisoprene (isoprene rubber), which has the same structure as natural rubber. These compounds are collectively called polyolefins. They can also include copolymers of olefins and vinyl monomers. Both are widely used in plastics, synthetic rubber, etc.

[Hiroshi Kakiuchi]

"Plastic Recycling - From Recovery to Regeneration" edited by RJ Ehrig, translated by the Plastic Recycling Study Group (1993, Industrial Research Institute)""Polymerization Process Technology - Polyolefins" by Kazuo Soga et al. (1994, Dainihon Tosho)"New Developments in Polymer Additives - Focusing on the Functionalization of Polyolefins" edited by the Chemical Society of Japan and the Society of Polymer Science (1998, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun)"

[References] | Alkenes | Isoprene rubber | Conjugated double bonds | Polymers | Double bonds | Butadiene rubber | Stereoregular polymerization

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アルケン(一般式CnH2n、オレフィンともいう)の重合体(ポリマー)の一般名。エチレン、プロピレン、ブタジエン、イソプレンなど比較的低分子量のオレフィンあるいはジオレフィンを重合させて得る。1分子中に二重結合を2個もつものをジオレフィンdiolefine、3個もつものをトリエンtriene、4個もつものをテトラエンtetraeneと称する。二重結合が単結合を挟んで2個ある共役二重結合をもったもの、たとえばブタジエンを適当な触媒の存在で重合させると、1,4-ポリブタジエン(ブタジエンゴム)を生成する。

 イソプレンの立体規則性重合で天然ゴムと同じ構造のシス-1,4-ポリイソプレン(イソプレンゴム)も合成されている。これらの化合物を総称してポリオレフィンという。さらにオレフィンとビニルモノマーの共重合物まで含めることもある。いずれも広くプラスチック、合成ゴムなどに利用される。

[垣内 弘]

『R. J. Ehrig編著、プラスチックリサイクリング研究会訳『プラスチックリサイクリング――回収から再生まで』(1993・工業調査会)』『曽我和雄ほか著『重合プロセス技術――ポリオレフィン』(1994・大日本図書)』『日本化学会・高分子学会編『高分子添加剤の新展開――ポリオレフィンの機能化を中心に』(1998・日刊工業新聞社)』

[参照項目] | アルケン | イソプレンゴム | 共役二重結合 | 重合体 | 二重結合 | ブタジエンゴム | 立体規則性重合

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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