Polyurethane

Japanese: ポリウレタン
Polyurethane

A polymer with a urethane bond (following structural formula) in the main chain. This structure can be considered as an ester of carbamic acid or an amide ester of carbonic acid. The most widely used polymers are those obtained by reacting compounds with active hydrogen, such as dihydric or polyhydric alcohols or amines, with difunctional or polyfunctional isocyanates. An example is shown below.

Generally, a prepolymer is first prepared and then reacted with diols, amines, water, etc. to harden it. The physical properties vary greatly depending on the type of alcohol and isocyanate used, and can range from something with rubber-like elasticity (see alternative terms: rubber elasticity) (urethane rubber) to a hardening resin with good crystallinity (urethane resin). It is also possible to make foam (polyurethane foam) by making good use of the carbon dioxide that is generated when the prepolymer is reacted with water.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

主鎖にウレタン結合(次の構造式)をもつポリマー.この構造は,カルバミン酸のエステル,あるいは炭酸のアミドエステルと考えることができる.もっとも広く使用されているのは,二価または多価のアルコール,アミンなどの活性水素をもつ化合物と,二官能または多官能のイソシアナート類との反応で得られるポリマーである.例を次に示す.

一般に,プレポリマーをつくっておいて,これにジオール,アミン,水などを反応させて硬化させる.使用するアルコールおよびイソシアナートの種類によって物性は大きく変わり,ゴム状弾性([別用語参照]ゴム弾性)をもつもの(ウレタンゴム)から結晶性のよい硬化性樹脂(ウレタン樹脂)まで変化させることができる.また,プレポリマーに水を反応させたときに発生する二酸化炭素をうまく利用してフォーム(ポリウレタンフォーム)をつくることもできる.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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