General Terms

Japanese: 一般条項 - いっぱんじょうこう

This refers to a provision that generally and abstractly states the basic principles of the law and declares general guidelines for the application of the law, or a provision in which the requirements for producing a certain legal effect are abstract and do not have specific content. For example, Articles 11, 12, and 13 of the Constitution, which set out general principles regarding fundamental human rights ("All of the people shall be respected as individuals. The right of the people to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness shall, to the extent that it does not interfere with the public welfare, be the supreme consideration in legislation and other governmental affairs."), and related to these are Article 1 of the Civil Code, which states, "Private rights shall be subject to the public welfare" (Article 1, paragraph 1), "Rights and obligations shall be exercised in good faith and in sincerity" (Article 1, paragraph 2), and "Abuse of rights shall not be permitted" (Article 1, paragraph 3), as well as "Any legal act which has as its purpose an act contrary to the public order or good morals is invalid" (Article 90 of the Civil Code) and "When there are serious reasons which make it difficult to continue the marriage" (Article 770, paragraph 1, item 5 of the Civil Code).

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

法の基本的理念を一般的･抽象的に示して法の運用の一般的指針を宣明する規定，あるいは一定の法的効果を発生させるための要件が具体的な内容を持たず抽象的である規定をいう。例えば，基本的人権に関する一般原理を定めた憲法11条，12条，13条(〈すべて国民は，個人として尊重される。生命，自由及び幸福追求に対する国民の権利については，公共の福祉に反しない限り，立法その他の国政の上で，最大の尊重を必要とする〉)などや，またこれらと関連して，民法1条の〈私権ハ公共ノ福祉ニ遵フ〉(同条1項)，〈権利ノ行使及ヒ義務ノ履行ハ信義ニ従ヒ誠実ニ之ヲ為スコトヲ要ス〉(同条2項)，〈権利ノ濫用ハ之ヲ許サス〉(同条3項)などがあり，さらに，〈公ノ秩序又ハ善良ノ風俗ニ反スル事項ヲ目的トスル法律行為ハ無効トス〉(民法90条)や〈婚姻を継続し難い重大な事由があるとき〉(民法770条1項5号)などがある。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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