A general term for polymers linked by amide bonds -CONH-. Abbreviated as PA. Obtained by polycondensation of diamines and dibasic acids. Polyamides are classified into aliphatic polyamides, aromatic polyamides, and alicyclic polyamides. A typical example of aliphatic polyamide is nylon 6,6. It is produced by polycondensation of hexamethylenediamine, which has six carbon atoms, and adipic acid, which also has six carbon atoms. In this way, aliphatic polyamides are called nylons, and the type of nylon is indicated by the number of carbon atoms in the raw materials that make them up. Aromatic polyamides, which have an aromatic skeleton introduced to further improve heat resistance, are known as aramids. In general, polyamides can be made into fibers, and have other advantages such as excellent heat resistance, mechanical properties, electrical properties, and chemical resistance, and like polyacetal, they are attracting attention as an engineering plastic that can replace metals. Polyamide synthetic fibers, along with polyester and polyacrylonitrile (acrylic fibers), are the main synthetic fibers. [Hiroshi Kakiuchi] "Plastic Technology Encyclopedia 9: Polyamide Resins" (1979), edited and published by the Industrial Research Association; "Polyamide Resin Handbook" (1988, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun), edited by Osamu Fukumoto; "Chemistry of Polymer Structural Materials" (1998, Asakura Shoten), edited by the Chemical Society of Japan and written by Yoshio Imai and Kaoru Iwata. [Reference] | | | | | | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アミド結合-CONH-で連結した重合体(ポリマー)の総称。PAと略称される。ジアミンと二塩基性酸の重縮合によって得られる。ポリアミドは、脂肪族ポリアミド、芳香族ポリアミド、脂環式ポリアミドに分類される。 脂肪族ポリアミドの代表的なものに、ナイロン6,6がある。炭素数6個のヘキサメチレンジアミンと、炭素数6個のアジピン酸の重縮合によって製造される。このように、脂肪族ポリアミドはナイロンとよばれ、これを構成する原料の炭素数によってナイロンの種類が示される。芳香族ポリアミドは、さらに耐熱性を向上させるために芳香族骨格を導入したもので、アラミドaramidの名で知られる。 一般にポリアミドは繊維となるほか、耐熱性に優れ、機械的性質、電気特性、耐薬品性にも優れるなどの長所を有し、ポリアセタールと同様、金属を代替するエンジニアリング・プラスチックとして注目されている。ポリアミド系合成繊維は、ポリエステル系、ポリアクリロニトリル系(アクリル繊維)とともに、合成繊維の主力を占めている。 [垣内 弘] 『工業調査会編・刊『プラスチック技術全書9 ポリアミド樹脂』(1979)』▽『福本修編『ポリアミド樹脂ハンドブック』(1988・日刊工業新聞社)』▽『日本化学会編、今井淑夫・岩田薫著『高分子構造材料の化学』(1998・朝倉書店)』 [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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