It is an evergreen tree of the family Ilex (APG classification: Ilexaceae). Commonly known as holly includes Ilex aquifolium L. (also known as English holly), I. opaca Ait. (American holly), and I. cornuta Lindl. (Chinese holly). Ilex aquifolium is native to Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. Its leaves are alternate, ovate or oblong, and have thorn-like sawtooth edges. It is dioecious. Its fruits are spherical, 6 mm in diameter, and red when ripe. In Europe, fruit-bearing branches are used as decorations at Christmas. In America, branches of American holly, native to eastern and southeastern North America and with prickly, wavy sawtooth edges, are used in the same way. Chinese holly, native to China, has rectangular leaves 4-8cm long with sharp prickly teeth at the corners and tip, and its fruits ripen to a red color. Both species are propagated by cuttings or seeds. They are somewhat shade-tolerant and grow well in fertile soil with moderate moisture. [Yoshio Kobayashi November 17, 2021] [Reference item] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
モチノキ科(APG分類:モチノキ科)の常緑樹。一般にホーリーといわれるものには、ヒイラギモチ(疼木黐、別名セイヨウヒイラギ、英名イングリッシュ・ホーリー)Ilex aquifolium L.のほか、アメリカヒイラギ(アメリカン・ホーリー)I. opaca Ait.やシナヒイラギ(ヒイラギモドキ、チャイニーズ・ホーリー)I. cornuta Lindl.などがある。ヒイラギモチはヨーロッパから西アジア、北アフリカ原産。葉は互生し、卵形または長楕円(ちょうだえん)形、縁(へり)に先が刺(とげ)状の鋸歯(きょし)がある。雌雄異株。果実は球形で径6ミリメートル、赤色に熟す。ヨーロッパでは、クリスマスに着果枝を装飾に用いる。アメリカでは、北アメリカ東部・南東部原産で葉の縁に刺状の波状鋸歯があるアメリカヒイラギの枝を、同じように用いる。中国原産のシナヒイラギは、葉は長方形で長さ4~8センチメートル、四隅と先端に鋭い刺状の歯牙(しが)があり、果実は赤色に熟す。いずれも繁殖は挿木、実生(みしょう)による。やや耐陰性があり、適湿の肥沃(ひよく)地でよく育つ。 [小林義雄 2021年11月17日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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