A class of nobles in Russia before Peter I (10th to 17th centuries), the highest social class after the nobles (knyaz). Singular: boyarin, English: boyar. There are various theories about the origin of the word, including (1) Slavic boi for warrior, (2) boearmen for citizen or courtier in Scandinavian languages, (3) bajar for Turkish nobleman, and (4) balerin for Bulgar master, but (1) and (3) are the most likely. It is said that there were two types of boyars in the Kievan period (10th to 11th centuries). Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
ロシアのピョートル1世以前(10~17世紀)の貴族身分で,公身分(クニャージ)につぐ最上位の社会階層。単数形ボヤーリンboyarin,英語ではボヤールboyar。語源については,(1)スラブ語の戦士boi,(2)スカンジナビア諸語の市民・廷臣boearmen,(3)トルコ語の貴人bajar,(4)ブルガール語の主人balerinなどに求める諸説があって定説をみないが,(1)(3)が有力。 キエフ時代(10~11世紀)には2種類のボヤーレ層が存在したといわれる。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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