Roan Ozawa

Japanese: 小沢蘆庵 - おざわ・ろあん

Year of death: July 11, 1801 (August 19, 1801)
Year of birth: 1723
A poet of the late Edo period. Commonly known as Shichiro and Otowa, his given name was Genchu, and his pen names were Kankado and Zunantei. His father was Ozawa Kihachiro Sanegori (Sanokuni), and his mother was Yusa, a daughter of the Sowa clan. The Ozawa clan was a vassal of the Oda clan of Matsuyama Domain in Uda County, Yamato (Nara), but the family name died out during his grandfather's generation, and his father wandered around the country and then settled in Osaka. Rosan was born there as the youngest child. He grew up in Osaka as a boy, and later went to Kyoto, where he was adopted by Honjo Sanjo Katsumata, a caretaker in Kyoto for the Naruse clan of the Owari domain, for a time, and was called Honjo Shichiro. In 1757 (Horeki 7), at the age of 35, he resumed his surname Ozawa and served the Takatsukasa family. In 1765 (Meiwa 2), when Takatsukasa Sukehira went down to the Kanto region as an imperial envoy for the 150th anniversary of the Toshogu Shrine, he joined the entourage, but was forced to resign from his duties there. He studied waka poetry under Reizei Tamemura, but was excommunicated in 1773. It is said that this was due to differences in their styles of poetry, but the details are unknown. After the excommunication, Rosan proposed his own theory of poetry, which was the "tadakoto uta" theory, as his family's theory. "Tadakoto" originally appeared in the kana preface of the Kokinshu, but Rosan claimed, "When I express what I am thinking at the moment, using words that come to mind so that the meaning can be heard, this is called poetry" (Furu no Nakamichi), and he believed that it was good to compose poems using simple words in a natural way, and he practiced this style. At the time, he was counted as one of the four great kings of Heian waka poetry along with Suigetsu, Jien, and Ban Kokei, and had many disciples, including Ogawa Fusuku, Maenami Mokuken, Tayama Keigi, and Ono Katsuyoshi (these are called the Four Great Kings of Rosan's School), as well as people who served the Imperial Court such as Hagura Nobumi, Fujishima Munetsune, Hashimoto Tsunesuke, and Yoshida Motonaga, as well as Shodo and Wakuren, and many female disciples such as Yabe Masako. In particular, Prince Myohoin no Miya Masahito trusted Rosan so much that he came all the way to Rosan's humble hut to request an audience with him, and protected him. He was also on friendly terms with Motoori Norinaga, Ban Kokei, and Ueda Akinari. His family collection includes the published Rokujo Eiso (Rokujo Eiso) in seven volumes (1811), but there are currently 47 volumes of manuscript copies (held by the Seikado Bunko), making it a valuable literary resource. His poetry treatise "Furu no Nakamichi" (1800) is one of his references. <References> Nakano Keisetsu "Ozawa Rosan" ("Sato no Toboso" vol. 1, private edition), Maruyama Toshio "People in the History of National Studies"

(Yoichi Iikura)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：享和1.7.11(1801.8.19)
生年：享保8(1723)
江戸後期の歌人。通称七郎,帯刀,名は玄仲,号は観荷堂,図南亭。父は小沢喜八郎実郡(実邦),母は曾和氏の娘由佐。小沢氏は大和(奈良)宇陀郡の松山藩織田氏家臣であったが祖父の代に家名断絶し,父は諸国を流浪後大坂に住んだ。蘆庵はそこで末子として生まれた。少年時代は大坂で育ち,のち京都に上り,一時,尾張藩成瀬家の京都留守居役本荘三丞勝命の養子となり,本荘七郎と称した。宝暦7(1757)年,35歳のとき,小沢姓に復し,鷹司家に仕えた。明和2(1765)年,鷹司輔平が東照宮百五十年祭に勅使として下向したとき,その供に加わって関東に下向したが,当地で出仕をやめさせられている。和歌は冷泉為村に入門したが,安永2(1773)年に破門された。歌風の相違が問題だったからといわれるが詳しくは不明である。破門後,蘆庵が一家の説として提唱した独自の歌論は「ただこと歌」の説である。「ただこと」は元々『古今集』仮名序にみえる語だが,蘆庵は「ただいま思へる事を,わがいはるゝ詞をもて,ことわりの聞ゆるやうにいひいづる,これを歌とはいふなり」(『布留の中道』)と主張,平易な詞でありのままに詠むのがよいとし,実践した。当時,澄月,慈延,伴蒿蹊と共に平安和歌四天王のひとりに数えられ,門人も多く,小川布淑,前波黙軒,田山敬儀,小野勝義(以上を蘆庵門下の四天王という)のほか,羽倉信美,藤島宗順,橋本経亮,吉田元長などの御所出仕の人々や昇道,涌蓮などがおり,矢部正子ほか女性門人も多かった。特に,妙法院宮真仁法親王はわざわざ蘆庵の陋屋にきて参殿を請うたほどに蘆庵を信頼し,庇護した。他に本居宣長,伴蒿蹊,上田秋成らと親しく交際した。家集に刊本『六帖詠草』7冊(1811)があるが,その自筆稿本(静嘉堂文庫蔵)は現存47冊で,貴重な文壇資料でもある。歌論に『布留の中道』(1800)がある。<参考文献>中野稽雪「小沢蘆庵」(『里のとぼそ』1集,私家版),丸山季夫『国学史上の人々』

(飯倉洋一)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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