Bolyai János

Japanese: ボーヤイ（英語表記）Bolyai János

Born: December 15, 1802, Kolozhbar
[Died] January 27, 1860. Moros-Basarhei Hungarian mathematician. His father, Farkas, was also a mathematician and was friends with C. Gauss. He studied differential and integral calculus and analytical mechanics under his father's guidance from the age of 10, and mastered them by the age of 13. He studied at the Royal Technical School in Vienna (1818-22), and later served in the military as a technical officer (22-33). He was influenced by his father's warnings, but continued to be interested in the proof of the parallel axiom of Euclidean geometry. His father had failed in this research. In 1820, he came to the conclusion that the proof was impossible, and thereafter he devoted himself to the construction of a geometry independent of the axiom (non-Euclidean geometry), which he almost completed in 1823. He was shocked to learn that Gauss had already completed a large part of his work before he published it, but since Gauss did not publish it, he published his own paper along with his father's book (32). In 1848, he discovered that N. Lobachevsky had published essentially the same geometrical work in 1829. He continued to study mathematics, but the importance of his work was not recognized during his lifetime. He was an avid player of the violin from an early age and an accomplished fencing player.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1802.12.15. コロジュバル
[没]1860.1.27. モロシュバシャルヘイ
ハンガリーの数学者。父ファルカスも数学者で，C.ガウスと親交があった。 10歳から父の指導で微分積分学と解析力学を勉強し，13歳までにマスターした。ウィーンの王立技術学校で勉強 (1818～22) し，その後技術将校として軍隊勤務 (22～33) 。彼は父の警告にもかかわらず，その影響を受け，ユークリッド幾何学の平行線公理の証明に関心をもち続けた。父はこの研究に失敗していた。彼は 1820年に証明は不可能との結論に達し，それ以後この公理とは独立な幾何学 (非ユークリッド幾何学) の建設に没頭し，23年にほぼ完成させた。発表前にガウスがすでにかなりの部分を完成させていたことを知り，衝撃を受けたが，ガウスが公表しなかったので，父の著書とともに自分の論文を発表した (32) 。 48年には N.ロバチェフスキーが本質的に同じ幾何学の研究を 29年に発表していたことを知った。その後も数学の研究を続けたが，生存中彼の研究の重要性は認識されなかった。幼少よりバイオリンに習熱し，またフェンシングの達人であった。

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