It is made by mixing and aging flower petals, herbs, spices, and fixatives (used to settle the scent and make it last longer). In French, it also means "mixture" or "hybrid song." For example, rose petals, lavender, chamomile, marjoram, spices such as cloves and cardamom are mixed with fixatives such as benzoin resin and iris root, and sometimes fruit peels are added. The resulting scent is mixed well and left to sit for about two weeks before being used as an indoor fragrance. There are two ways to make potpourri: dry potpourri, which is made by drying flowers, and moist potpourri, which is made by soaking fresh flowers in coarse salt. The oldest method is moist potpourri, in which the petals ferment and decay in an agarwood jar, also known by the French as a "rotten jar" (a jar used to put fragrance in and leave it for a while, then remove the lid when the fragrance has filled the room), and the pleasant scent is ultimately left behind. It is said to have originated in England in the 16th century. The scent of fresh potpourri will not last even a week, but when made into potpourri, it will last for 1-2 years in dry potpourri and 10 to 50 years in moist potpourri. It was very popular in France and England in the 17th and 18th centuries, and people enjoyed the fragrant aroma of potpourri stored in an agarwood jar. Dried potpourri was also used to make sachets filled with herbs, either to enjoy the scent that transfers to linen products or to repel insects and kill bacteria. In Japan, too, sachets made of high-quality fabrics such as gold brocade and nishiki and filled with cloves, musk, sandalwood, etc. have been used for a long time. Making potpourri can be said to be the addition of fragrances that are determined by the amount of the spoonful. The fragrance that is created varies greatly depending on how the petals, herbs, and spices are combined, or even by subtle differences in the amounts. In the past, noblewomen would pick flowers and herbs from their gardens as part of their grooming, and compete to create the perfect indoor fragrance. [Yoko Morita] "Akiko Kumai's Potpourri Class: Anyone Can Do It" by Akiko Kumai (1999, Seibundo Shinkosha) [References] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
花びら、ハーブ(香草)、スパイス、保留剤(香りを落ち着かせ、長く薫らせるためのもの)などを混ぜ合わせ、熟成させたもの。フランス語では「ごたまぜ煮」「混成曲」の意味もある。たとえばバラの花びらやラベンダー、カモミール(カミツレ)やマージョラム(マヨラナ)、スパイスのクローブ(チョウジ)やカルダモンなどに、樹脂の安息香やイリス(アイリス)の根などを保留剤として加え、ときには果物の皮なども加え、よく混ぜ合わせたあと2週間ほどねかせてできた香りを室内香として用いる。 ポプリは乾燥させてつくるドライポプリと、生の花を粗塩に漬けてつくるモイストポプリの二通りの作り方がある。フランス人が「朽ちた壺(つぼ)」ともよぶ沈香壺(じんこうつぼ)(香料を入れてしばらく置き、芳香が満ちたころに蓋(ふた)をとり室内に香気を放つために使われた壺)のなかで花弁が発酵し、やがて朽ち、最後にはいい香りで残るモイストポプリが最古の方法であり、16世紀のイギリスで生まれたといわれている。生のままでは1週間ともたない香りも、ポプリにするとドライポプリで1~2年、モイストポプリで10年、50年と薫り続ける。17~18世紀にはフランスやイギリスで大流行し、沈香壺に入れたポプリの芳しき香りが楽しまれた。さらにリネン製品などへの移り香を楽しむため、あるいは防虫・殺菌効果を期待して、ハーブを詰めたサシェ(匂(にお)い袋)もドライポプリを利用してつくられた。日本でも金襴(きんらん)、錦(にしき)などの高級織物でつくった袋に丁子(ちょうじ)、じゃ香、白檀(びゃくだん)などを入れた匂い袋が古くから用いられている。 ポプリ作りは匙(さじ)加減ひとつで決まる香りの足し算といえる。花びら、ハーブ、スパイスのあわせ方によって、あるいは微妙な分量の差によってできあがる香りはかなり違う。かつて貴婦人たちは身だしなみの一つとして、庭に咲く花やハーブを摘み、競って自慢の室内香作りに専念していたのである。 [森田洋子] 『熊井明子著『だれでもできる熊井明子のポプリ教室』(1999・誠文堂新光社)』 [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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