Reception of law

Japanese: 法の継受 - ほうのけいじゅ(英語表記)reception of law
Reception of law

Adopting the legal system of another country. When country B adopts the law of country A, country A is called the "mother legal country" and country B is called the "child legal country," and a relationship of "legal lineage" is said to have been created between the two. The adopted law is called "inherited law" and is contrasted with native law. There are two types of adoption: full adoption covering the entire legal order, and partial adoption limited to a specific legal field. Depending on the form of adoption, there is a distinction between legislative adoption and judicial adoption. The adoption of Roman law in early modern Western Europe is also compared to the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation. In Japan, there is the adoption of Chinese law, as seen in the Ritsuryo system, the adoption of French law and German law after the Meiji era, and the adoption of American law, mainly the constitution and criminal procedure code after World War II.

The adoption of laws usually creates a certain tension with indigenous social consciousness and legal culture, and while there are cases where the adopted law overcomes such resistance and takes root, there are also cases where it does not take root and becomes meaningless, and is eventually abolished. For example, it is said that systems such as life annuities and marital property agreements in the Japanese Civil Code have not taken root very well. Even in cases where they do take root, they may compromise with indigenous customs and end up becoming different from the systems of the parent law country.

[Ryuichi Nagao]

[Reference] | Adoption of Roman law

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

他国の法制度を採用すること。甲国の法を乙国が継受した場合、甲国を「母法国」、乙国を「子法国」といい、両者の間に「法系」の関係が生じたという。継受された法は、継受法とよばれて、固有法と対比される。継受には法秩序全体にわたる全面的継受と、特定の法領域に限定される部分的継受があり、また継受の態様によって立法的継受と司法的継受の区別がある。西ヨーロッパ近世におけるローマ法の継受は、ルネサンス、宗教改革にも比較される。日本では、律令(りつりょう)制にみられる中国法の継受、明治以後のフランス法・ドイツ法の継受、第二次世界大戦後の憲法、刑事訴訟法などを中心とするアメリカ法の継受などがある。

 法の継受は、通常、土着の社会意識や法文化との間に、一定の緊張関係をつくりだすのが常で、そのような抵抗を排して継受法が定着する場合もあれば、結局、定着せずに空文化し、やがては廃止される場合もある。たとえば、日本民法のなかの終身定期金や夫婦財産契約などの制度はあまり定着していないといわれる。定着する場合も、土着の慣習などと妥協して、母法国の制度とは違ったものになってしまう場合もある。

[長尾龍一]

[参照項目] | ローマ法の継受

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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