A branch of chemistry that studies the energy released and absorbed during chemical reactions, primarily thermal energy, and its interrelationship with chemical changes. It also covers changes in physical state such as melting, evaporation, and sublimation. It also covers the heat transfer that accompanies these changes, as well as the associated equilibrium constants and free energy changes. The two fundamental principles are the first law of thermodynamics (law of conservation of energy) and the second law of thermodynamics (law of increase of entropy). A chemical equation that includes both the heat energy (enthalpy) that enters and leaves a chemical reaction is called a thermochemical equation. This represents the law of conservation of energy in chemical reactions (Hess's law, 1840). [Yamazaki Akira] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
化学反応に伴うエネルギーの放出・吸収のうち、主として熱エネルギーを対象とし、化学変化との相互関係を研究する化学の一分野。融解、蒸発、昇華などの物理的な状態の変化も対象に含まれる。これらの変化に伴っておこる熱の出入りと、関連した平衡定数や自由エネルギー変化なども対象となる。熱力学第一法則(エネルギー保存則)と、熱力学第二法則(エントロピー増加則)の二つが根本原理である。 化学反応に伴って出入りする熱エネルギー(エンタルピー)を併記した化学方程式を熱化学方程式という。これは化学反応におけるエネルギー保存則(ヘスの法則、1840)を表したものである。 [山崎 昶] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Thermology - theory of heat
This refers to a severe crop failure, including g...
A legendary figure who visits children on Christma...
…Modulation, by definition, presupposes the exist...
…In the construction of ancient temples, prayers ...
Japanese paintings were mainly created in imitati...
A former town in Sakai County in northern Fukui Pr...
…Years of birth and death unknown. His ideas are ...
A city in the eastern part of Kanagawa Prefecture,...
A moth belonging to the order Lepidoptera and the...
An ideological group promoting democracy in the m...
This is the common name for Mangetsu-ji Temple, a ...
...A private railway with 121.6 km (1997) of rail...
787‐813 The sixth caliph of the Abbasid dynasty. R...
During the Edo period, a sword was tested for its ...
...They are called giant tortoises because the sh...