Waterproof finish

Japanese: 防水加工 - ぼうすいかこう(英語表記)waterproof finish
Waterproof finish

This refers to a process that covers or hydrophobizes the surface of textile products to prevent water penetration. A process in which the fibers are treated with a liquid or emulsion of oils, wax, rubber, or various synthetic resins, and then heated or a resin sheet is bonded to the fabric to form a waterproof coating on the surface is called an impermeable finish. In contrast, a process that gives waterproofing to textiles while retaining their breathability is called a breathable (water-repellent) finish, and includes (1) depositing a hydrophobic substance on the fiber surface, (2) chemically bonding the material, or (3) forming an extremely thin hydrophobic film on the surface. Aluminum soap and zirconium compounds are used for (1), but the effect is temporary. For (2), long-chain aliphatic pyridinium salts, ethyleneimine derivatives long-chain alkyl isocyanates, and ketene dimers are used, and as with method (3) using silicone or fluororesin, a permanent waterproof effect is obtained.

[Mitsuo Okahara]

fabric

All of the above methods have their own advantages and disadvantages, but recently the silicone waterproofing method, which uses silicone resin, has become popular and is applied to raincoats and other items. The Velan-Zelan waterproofing method, which is less susceptible to deterioration of waterproofing due to friction or washing, is also in use. "Velan" is the trademark name given to a waterproofing agent made by the British company ICI, and "Zelan" is the trademark name given to a waterproofing agent made by the American company DuPont.

[Kadoyama Yukihiro]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

繊維品の表面を被覆または疎水化して水の浸透を防ぐ加工をいう。油脂、ワックス、ゴムまたは各種合成樹脂などの液またはエマルジョン(乳濁液)で繊維を処理後加熱するか、樹脂シートを布と接合するなどの方法で表面に防水被膜を形成させる加工仕上げは、不通気性加工とよばれる。これに対し織物の通気性を保持させたまま防水性を付与する方法を、通気性(撥水(はっすい))加工とよび、(1)疎水性物質を繊維表面に沈着させる、(2)化学的に結合させる、(3)きわめて薄い疎水性皮膜を表面で形成させる、などの手段がとられる。(1)に対してはアルミニウムせっけん、ジルコニウム化合物などが用いられるが、効果は一時的である。(2)の目的には長鎖脂肪族ピリジニウム塩、エチレンイミン誘導体長鎖アルキルイソシアナート、ケテンダイマーなどが用いられ、シリコーンまたはフッ素樹脂を用いる(3)の方法と同様、恒久的な防水効果が得られる。

[岡原光男]

織物

以上の方法はいずれも特質と欠点をもっているが、最近ではケイ素樹脂を使うシリコーン防水法がよく使われるようになり、レインコートなどに応用されている。摩擦、洗濯による防水性の低下の少ないベラン・ゼラン防水加工法も使われている。「ベラン」VelanはイギリスICI社の、「ゼラン」Zelanはアメリカのデュポン社の防水剤につけられた商標名である。

[角山幸洋]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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