The removal of blood from a patient for therapeutic purposes. It is performed to reduce the burden on the heart and improve circulation, to remove excess blood, or to treat various types of poisoning. In the past, it was often used as a therapy for stroke, high blood pressure, and uremia, but in recent years it has become less used due to the development of other superior treatments. However, it is still sometimes attempted as an effective treatment for cardiac asthma, pulmonary edema, polycythemia, and hemochromatosis. The method usually involves using a sterilized 50-100ml syringe, wetting the syringe with a 10% sodium citrate solution or similar to prevent blood clotting, then drawing blood from a superficial vein in the antecubital fossa (the depression in front of the elbow) and removing it. Generally, 200-400ml of blood is drawn at one time, and in cases of polycythemia, the same amount is removed over several days. In cases of hemochromatosis, a method is used in which about 500ml is drawn once a week for a relatively long period of time. [Yutaka Abe] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
治療の目的で、患者から血液を採取し、除去すること。心臓の負担を減らして循環の改善を図るとき、過剰な血液を除去するとき、あるいは種々の中毒を治療するときなどに施行される。以前はしばしば用いられた療法で、脳卒中、高血圧、尿毒症のときにも行われたが、最近は他の優れた治療法の発達のため、ほとんど使用されなくなってきている。しかし、現在でも心臓喘息(ぜんそく)、肺水腫(すいしゅ)、赤血球増加症、血色素沈着症などの際には、なお有効な治療法として試みられることもある。 方法は、通常50~100ミリリットルの滅菌消毒した注射器を用い、血液の凝固を防ぐために10%クエン酸ナトリウム溶液などで注射器を潤したのち、肘窩(ちゅうか)(肘(ひじ)の前側にあるくぼみ)の表在静脈より血液を採取し、除去する。採血量は一般には1回に200~400ミリリットルで、赤血球増加症では同量を数日にわたり除去する。また、血色素沈着症では週1回500ミリリットル程度を比較的長期間続ける方法がとられる。 [阿部 裕] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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