Kodokai - Kodokai

Japanese: 皇道会 - こうどうかい

This organization was formed by veterans and the Japan Farmers' Union (Nihonno), led by Hirano Rikizo, in the midst of the military's advance into politics after the Manchurian Incident. Some veterans in Tokyo, feeling a sense of crisis about the hardships facing the people's lives and the "deterioration of ideology" during the Great Depression, tried to launch a mass political movement in January 1933 by forming an alliance with the Nihonno, which was shifting in a fascist direction. In April of the same year, the organization was officially formed with the aim of overthrowing established political parties and "reforming the capitalist system." At first, it attracted public attention as a movement that united the military and the peasant movement, but as a result of financial difficulties, expanding military expenses, and the worsening hardships facing peasant life, differences of opinion deepened between the veterans' executives and the Nihonno, and the organization's influence began to decline from 1935 to 1936.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

満州事変後の，軍部の政治的進出という情勢のなかで，在郷軍人と平野力三らの日本農民組合(日農)とによって結成された団体。大恐慌下での国民生活の窮迫，〈思想の悪化〉に危機感を抱いた在京の在郷軍人の一部は，1933年1月，大衆的政治運動に乗り出そうとして，ファッショ的方向に転換していた日農と提携した。同年4月，既成政党打破，〈資本主義機構の改革〉等をめざして正式に結成された。当初は，軍と農民運動とが結びついた〈兵農一致〉の運動として一般の注目をひいたが，資金難に加えて，軍事費の膨張と農民生活の窮迫が進んだ結果，在郷軍人系幹部と日農系の意見の相違が深まり，1935,36年を境に会勢は不振の一途をたどった。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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