Mr. Houshi

To expel a clan member from the clan to which he or she belongs. Especially from the end of the Heian period, Fujiwara clan members were frequently expelled from their clan through petitions filed by the monks of Kofuku-ji, the clan temple of the Fujiwara clan. The first case of Fujiwara clan members being expelled through petitions was that of councilor Fujiwara Takasue in 1163 (Chokan 1), who was expelled for supporting the claims of Enryaku-ji during the conflict between Kofuku-ji and Enryaku-ji. Expulsion was announced by the decree of the clan's head, but the exiled clan member could not serve at the Imperial Court and could only remain in self-restraint and wait for the punishment to be lifted. When the monks entered Kyoto, it became difficult for the Fujiwara nobles, who occupied the majority of the temple, to speak freely, which often caused problems in the administration of government. The Fujiwara clan is said to have had over 20 successive generations up until the Muromachi period, but due to excessive generation of such families they gradually lost their authority and eventually disappeared.

[Yoshioka Masayuki]

"Kojiruien: Names and Names Section" (1980, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

氏人(うじびと)を、その所属する氏から追放すること。とくに平安時代末期以降、藤原氏の氏寺興福(こうふく)寺の衆徒による強訴(ごうそ)のなかで、藤原氏の氏人の放氏が盛んに行われた。強訴による藤原氏の放氏の初例は1163年（長寛1）の参議藤原隆季(たかすえ)の場合で、興福寺と延暦(えんりゃく)寺の抗争の際に延暦寺側の主張に賛同したのが放氏の理由であった。追放は氏長者(うじのちょうじゃ)の長者宣(せん)をもって宣告されるが、追放された氏人は朝廷への出仕もできず、ただ謹慎して処分の解除を待つ以外に術(すべ)がなく、衆徒が入洛すると、廟堂(びょうどう)に多数を占める藤原氏の公卿(くぎょう)らは自由な立場で発言することが困難となり、しばしば政務の運営に支障をきたした。藤原氏の放氏は、室町時代に至る間、20数回に及ぶといわれるが、濫発によってしだいにその権威を失い、やがて消滅した。

［吉岡眞之］

『『古事類苑　姓名部』（1980・吉川弘文館）』

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