Born: April 20, 1786 in Anone Died 24 February 1875. Annonay. French engineer and inventor who invented the wire cable suspension bridge and the multi-tube boiler for steam engines. Nephew of Joseph Montgolfier (the Montgolfier brothers), inventor of the hot air balloon. He showed an interest in machines from an early age and continued to study on his own. In 1822, he was impressed with the strength of wire cables, and together with his brother Camille, he studied the principles of suspension bridges, which were made of chain cables at the time. In 1824, he built a suspension bridge over the Rhône River using a cable made of parallel wires (parallel strands PWS) in Tournon, becoming the first in the world to successfully build a modern suspension bridge. With the advent of the railway era, he invented the multi-tube fire-tube boiler to replace the water-tube boiler used in early steam engines. This marked a breakthrough in steam engines, and a Seguin-type boiler was used in George Stephenson's steam locomotive "Rocket", which won the Liverpool and Manchester Railway competition in 1829. He also worked to improve the efficiency of steam engines, and together with Camille played a leading role in the construction of France's first railway, between Saint-Étienne and Lyon, from 1824 to 1833. He also contributed to the development of theoretical physics, writing engineering treatises on suspension bridges, railways, steamships, and steam engines. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1786.4.20. アノネ [没]1875.2.24. アノネ ワイヤケーブルを使った吊橋や蒸気機関用の多管式ボイラを発明したフランスの技術者,発明家。熱気球を発明したジョセフ・モンゴルフィエ(→モンゴルフィエ兄弟)の甥。幼い頃から機械に興味を示し,独学で研究を続けた。1822年にはワイヤケーブルの強度に関する実験で好感触を得ており,弟のカミーユとともに,当時はチェーンケーブルでつくられていた吊橋の原理を研究。1824年,トゥルノンでワイヤを平行に束ねたケーブル,平行線ストランド PWSを使った吊橋をローヌ川にかけ,近代的な吊橋の建設を世界で初めて成功させた。鉄道時代が到来すると,初期の蒸気機関に使われていた水管ボイラに代わり,多管式の煙管ボイラを発明。これにより蒸気機関は画期的な進歩を遂げ,1829年リバプール・アンド・マンチェスター鉄道の競技会で優勝したジョージ・スチーブンソンの蒸気機関車『ロケット』にもセガン式のボイラが使用された。蒸気機関の効率化にも努め,1824~33年フランス初となるサンテティエンヌ―リヨン間の鉄道建設ではカミーユとともに指導的な役割を果たした。理論物理学の発展にも貢献し,吊橋や鉄道,汽船,蒸気機関に関する工学論文を執筆している。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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