rakhād (English spelling) rakhad

… Villages were not self-sufficient, and did not live closed lives. From an early period, division of labor developed between villages, and various commercial crops were shipped to nearby cities. Spices and handicraft products from the city were brought by traveling merchants (rakhād), and it was not uncommon for nearby farmers to ride donkeys to go shopping in the city. Moreover, village children who completed their primary education in the kuttab had the option of continuing their studies at a madrasah (school) in the city, and the khassus also played an important role in the exchange of information between the city and the villages. Therefore, it can be said that the city and the villages always maintained close economic and social relations. …

*Some of the terminology that mentions "rakhād" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…　むらは自給自足的で，しかも閉鎖的な生活を営んでいたわけではなく，早くから村落間には分業が発達し，各種の商品作物が遠近の都市へと出荷された。また香辛料や都市の手工業製品が移動商人(ラッカードrakhād)によってもたらされると同時に，近在の農民がロバに乗って都市まで買物に出かけていくこともまれではなかった。しかもクッターブでの初等教育を終えたむらの子弟には，都市のマドラサ(学院)で勉学を続ける道が開けていたし，カーッスも都市とむらの情報交換に重要な役割を演じていたから，経済的にも，また社会的にも都市とむらは常に密接な関係を保っていたといえる。…

※「rakhād」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報