Born: March 18, 1929 in Landsberg an der Warte
[Died] December 1, 2011. Berlin German author. Maiden name Ihlenfeld. Raised in a pro-Nazi middle-class family, she moved with her family to the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) after World War II. She studied at the University of Jena and the University of Leipzig, and served as editor of the journal of the East German Writers' Union until 1962. In 1993, her reputation in the West fell after it was discovered that she had collaborated with the secret police, the Stasi. After publishing her first work, Moskauer Novelle (1961), she wrote the full-length novel Der geteilte Himmel (1963, filmed in 1964), which depicts the love affair between a man and a woman torn between East and West, and became a bestseller. She won the Heinrich Mann Prize for the book. Her other works include Memories of Christa T. (1968), Kindheitsmuster (1976), Kassandra (1983), Störfall (1987), and Was bleibt (1990). She was awarded the German Literature Prize in 2002. Wolf
Wolff, Christian Born January 24, 1679 in Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland)
Died: April 9, 1754, Halle German philosopher and legal scholar. He studied mathematics and philosophy at the University of Jena, as well as the works of Grotius and Pufendorf, and his teaching qualification thesis attracted the attention of Leibniz, who recommended him to become a professor of mathematics at the University of Halle. He then moved to the University of Marburg, but eventually returned to Halle and became its rector. He developed Leibniz's philosophy and established a comprehensive system. His philosophy was called the Leibniz-Wolff philosophy, and his ontology was welcomed by Catholics. As a legal thinker, he was a representative figure of the 18th century Grotian school. His major works include Philosophia rationalis (1728), Philosophia prima sive ontologia (29), Jus naturae methodo scientifica pertractatum (40-48), and Jus gentium methodo scientifica pertractatum (49). Wolf
Wolff, Kaspar Friedrich Born January 18, 1733 in Berlin
Died: February 22, 1794. St. Petersburg German anatomist, physiologist, and naturalist. Founder of modern embryology. Studied at the University of Halle, and after graduating he became a military surgeon and later lecturer at the University of Berlin. In contrast to the preformation theory that was prevalent at the time, which held that each organ is already formed at the beginning of development, he observed the formation process of various organs such as the kidneys, digestive tract, and blood vessels in chicken eggs under a microscope and proposed the epiformation theory, but was attacked. In 1764, he was invited by the Russian Tsar to leave for Russia, and remained there until his death as a member of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. In 1759 he published On Embryology and in 1768 The Formation of the Small Intestine. He also studied the development of the kidney and discovered the mesonephros, which is now called Wolffian bodies. He also argued that plant organs are modified leaves, and that animals also have corresponding primordia, pioneering the concept of germ layers. He was also one of the first to point out that both plants and animals are made up of cells. Wolf
Wolff, Hans Walter Born: December 17, 1911, Barmen
[Died] October 1993, Heidelberg German Protestant theologian and Old Testament scholar. He studied at Bethel Theological University, Gottingen University, and Bonn University, and served as a pastor in Münster, Solingen, and Solingen-Wärt. In 1951, he became a professor at the Wuppertal Theological University. He then became a professor at the University of Mainz, and from 1967 to 1978, he became a professor at the University of Heidelberg. His main works include "Anthropologie des Alten Testaments" (1974), "The Anthropology of the Old Testament," as well as "Die Zitat im Prophetenspruch" (37), "Jesaija 53 im Urchristentum" (52), "Alttestamentliche Predigten mit hermeneutische Erwägungen" (56), and "Gesammelte Studien zum Alten Testament" (73). Wolf
Wolf, Hugo (Philipp Jacob) Born: March 13, 1860 in Windisch Graz (now Slovenian Gradec)
[Died] February 22, 1903, Vienna
A representative composer of 19th-century Austrian romantic lied. He entered the Vienna Conservatory in 1875 to study composition, but dropped out in 1877. He was devoted to Wagner and became an ardent Wagnerian throughout his life, and through his in-depth study of literature and theater, he developed a keen eye for aesthetics. In 1883, he became the music critic for the Wiener Salon Zeitung, and his pen was sharp. From 1888 onwards, his dormant musical talent suddenly blossomed, and he composed intensively, including songs based on poems by Mörike (53 songs), Goethe (50 songs), Heyse and Geibel (44 songs), Heyse (46 songs), and Michelangelo (3 songs). However, he became ill with nerves and ended his life in a state of miserable madness and reverie. Wolf
Wolf, Max Born: June 21, 1863 in Heidelberg
[Died] October 3, 1932. German astronomer from Heidelberg. Full name Maximillian Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf. After serving as a private lecturer at the University of Heidelberg (1890) and an associate professor (1893), he was a professor from 1902 to 1932. He also ran the privately established Königsthöhr Observatory, becoming its director in 1893. He discovered 228 asteroids in one go by using an automatic film feed camera to photograph the sky, which resulted in relatively fast-moving asteroids appearing as line segments in the images. He is particularly famous for his discovery of the asteroid Achilles in 1906 using a stereo comparator. He also revealed the existence of dark nebulae in the Milky Way Galaxy. Wolf
Wolf, Friedrich [Born] December 23, 1888. Neubito
[Died] October 5, 1953. Lenitz East German playwright and novelist. He served as a military doctor during World War I, and entered the literary world with the expressionist play Mohammed (1917). In 1928 he joined the Communist Party, and in 1933 he defected to the Soviet Union via Switzerland and France, where he became involved in the anti-Nazi movement. During this time he wrote the play Professor Mamlock (33), which criticized the persecution of the Jews, and the novel Zwei an der Grenze (38). After World War II, he returned to East Germany and worked hard to rebuild its culture. Wolf
Wolff, Jacob [Born] Around 1546
[Died] 1612
German architect active mainly in Nuremberg from the late 16th century to the first half of the 17th century. He applied the Renaissance style to German civic architecture. His main work was the Berlerhaus in Nuremberg. His namesake son (1571-1620), also an architect, enlarged the city hall (1616-22). Wolf
Wolff A German news agency founded by Bernhard Wolf in 1849. It was reorganized as a joint-stock company in 1875 and its official name was the Continental Telegraph Company. It was a major news agency on a par with the French company Habas, but it began to decline after Germany's defeat in World War I, and was absorbed into Nazi Germany's DNB in 1933. Wolf
Wolf, Friedrich August [Born] 1759
[Died] 1824
German classical scholar. Professor of classical philology at the University of Halle from 1783 to 1806. Famous for his research on Homer. His main work is Prolegomena ad Homerum (1795). (→Homer problem) Wolf
Wolff, Paul Born: 1887
[Died] 1951
German photographer. He was originally a doctor, but later turned to photography. He was a fan of Leica, a 35mm camera made by the German company Leitz, and demonstrated the practicality of the Leica through his skillful enlargement techniques. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
