Umm Dabbaghiya Culture

…Hills I, II and V were excavated. Hill I is the largest, measuring 140m in diameter and 20m in height. Hill II, which was excavated up to the oldest layer, is smaller, measuring 100m in diameter and 8m in height. Hill V is even smaller. In the XVI layer of Hill II, a pit dwelling was dug into the natural layer, and in the XV layer, a storehouse and kiln site consisting of a small room with mud brick walls were excavated. Among the remains excavated from both layers were crude pottery bowls and jars with keel-shaped lower bodies, oval pottery, pottery with inlaid patterns such as human faces, clay figurines of women, and side-blow blade flake stone tools. The carbon-14 dating of both layers indicates that they belong to the Umm Dabaghiya culture (Umm Dabaghiya) around 6000 BC. About 2000 years later, in layers XIV to VI of the Late Ubaid period, square buildings, pottery kilns, bread ovens, and circular granaries were discovered, and in layers V to I of the Gaul period, a temple with small rooms on either side of a courtyard was identified.

*Some of the terminology used to refer to the "Umm Dabaghiya culture" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…I･II･V号丘を発掘，最大のI号丘は長径約140m，高さ約20m，最古の層まで発掘したII号丘は長径約100m，高さ約8mと小さく，V号丘はさらに小さい。II号丘のXVI層では自然層に掘り込まれた竪穴住居，XV層では泥煉瓦壁づくりの小室からなる倉庫と窯跡が発掘され，両層から出土した遺物の中には，粗製土器で胴下部を竜骨状につくった鉢や壺，楕円形土器，人面などの貼付文土器，女性土偶，サイド･ブロー･ブレード･フレーク石器などが出土していて，この両層は炭素14法による測定年代で前6000年ころのウンム･ダバギヤ文化(ウンム･ダバギヤ)に属することを示している。　約2000年をへだててウバイド後期のXIV～VI層では，方形建物，土器焼成窯，パン焼窯，円形穀物倉などが発見され，V～I層のガウラ期では中庭の両側に小部屋を配置した神殿が認められた。…

※「ウンム・ダバギヤ文化」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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