Diazotization - jiazoka (English spelling) diazot(iz)ation

Japanese: ジアゾ化 - じあぞか(英語表記)diazot(iz)ation
Diazotization - jiazoka (English spelling) diazot(iz)ation

This is a reaction in which an aromatic primary amine is reacted with nitrous acid to produce a diazonium salt. If we take aniline as an example, the reaction is as follows, and a benzenediazonium salt is produced.


This reaction was discovered by J. P. Griess in 1858, and is extremely important in organic synthesis because the benzenediazonium salt produced by this reaction is widely used in diazo coupling reactions, Sandmeyer reactions, etc. ( Figure ). This reaction is not only seen with aniline, but is also seen widely with aromatic primary amines in general.

The actual diazotization reaction is carried out by dissolving the aromatic primary amine in a dilute aqueous solution of an inorganic acid such as dilute hydrochloric acid, and then adding an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite while cooling with ice. If an excess of acid is not added, a side reaction that produces a diazoamino compound will occur. The reaction is carried out at a low temperature to prevent the produced diazonium salt from decomposing and releasing nitrogen according to the following reaction formula:


[Masahiro Hirota]

[References] | Gries | Sandmeyer reaction | Diazo reaction
Diazo reaction (diagram)
©Shogakukan ">

Diazo reaction (diagram)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

芳香族第一アミンを亜硝酸と反応させてジアゾニウム塩をつくる反応をいう。この反応をアニリンを例にとって示すと、次式のようになり、ベンゼンジアゾニウム塩を生成する。


 この反応は1858年J・P・グリースにより発見され、この反応により生成するベンゼンジアゾニウム塩が、ジアゾカップリング反応、ザンドマイヤー反応などに広く利用されているので、有機合成化学においてきわめて重要である()。この反応はアニリンだけでなく、一般に芳香族第一アミンで広くみられる。

 実際のジアゾ化反応は、芳香族第一アミンを希塩酸などの無機酸の薄い水溶液に溶かして、氷冷しながら、亜硝酸ナトリウムの水溶液を加えていくという操作で行う。この際に酸を過剰に加えておかないと、ジアゾアミノ化合物を生成する副反応がおこる。反応を低温において行うのは、生成したジアゾニウム塩が次の反応式により窒素を放出して分解するのを防止するためである。


[廣田 穰]

[参照項目] | グリース | ザンドマイヤー反応 | ジアゾ反応
ジアゾ化反応〔図〕
©Shogakukan">

ジアゾ化反応〔図〕


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